Capacidad neutralizante de tres antivenenos ofídicos foráneos en Ecuador, propuesta de protocolo de evaluación
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Los antivenenos ofídicos son el único tratamiento aprobado científicamente para el uso en
accidentes por mordeduras de serpientes, en Ecuador se presentan de 1400 a 1600 casos anuales,
la paralización de la producción nacional ha conllevado a la adquisición de antivenenos ofídicos
foráneos. El objeto del presente estudio es determinar la capacidad neutralizante de los
antivenenos foráneos circulantes en el Ecuador y generar como propuesta investigativa un
protocolo para su evaluación.
El estudio se desarrolló mediante técnicas in vivo e in vitro basados en la inmunoafinidad e
inmunoespecificidad de los antivenenos foráneos contra las toxinas ofídicas ecuatorianas. Las
pruebas in vitro realizadas por técnica de ELISA y Western blotting demostraron una variable
inmunoafinidad de los antivenenos con las toxinas ofídicas. Las técnicas in vivo implementadas,
permitieron determinar una amplia gama de actividades toxicológicas y su neutralización. La
prueba de neutralización de letalidad, obtuvo como resultados que el antiveneno de INS de Perú
neutraliza para B. asper 2.6 mg de veneno / por cada ml. de antiveneno, para B. atrox 3.8 mg/ml,
L. muta 2.4 mg/ml, L. acrochorda 3.6 mg/ml; el antiveneno de origen colombiano presento una
neutralización de 1.4 mg/ml para B. asper y 1.2 mg./ml para cada una de las otras especies; el
antiveneno de Costa Rica evidencia una neutralización de 2.6 mg./ml para B. asper, 1.6 mg/ml
para B. atrox, L. muta presenta una neutralización de 2.4 mg/ml mientras que para L. acrochorda
2.25 mg/ml. todas las pruebas fueron realizadas por triplicado, evidenciando que las técnicas
aplicadas son confiables, por lo que pueden ser implementadas dentro de un protocolo de
evaluación de antivenenos ofídicos.
The snakebite antivenoms are the only treatment scientifically approved for use in snakebite accidents in Ecuador are presented from 1400 to 1600 cases per year, the paralysis of domestic production has led to the acquisition of foreign snakebite antivenom. The purpose of this study is to determine the neutralizing capacity of circulating foreign antivenom in Ecuador and generate research proposal as a protocol for evaluation. The study was developed by in vivo and in vitro techniques based on immunoaffinity and immunospecificity of foreign antivenom against Ecuador ofídicas toxins. In vitro testing by ELISA and Western blotting showed a variable immunoaffinity ofídicas antivenoms with toxins. Implemented the in vivo techniques allowed to determine a wide range of toxicological activities and their neutralization. The lethality neutralization test, obtained as results the INS of Peru antivenom neutralized to B. asper venom 2.6 mg / per ml. antivenom, B. atrox to 3.8 mg / ml, L. mutates 2.4 mg / ml, L. acrochorda 3.6 mg / ml; antivenin from Colombia presented a neutralization of 1.4 mg / ml for B. asper and 1.2 mg./ml for each of the other species; Costa Rica antivenin evidence of a neutralization of 2.6 mg./ml for B. asper, 1.6 mg / ml for B. atrox, L. muta presents a neutralization of 2.4 mg / ml while for L. acrochorda 2.25 mg / ml. All tests were performed in triplicate, showing that the techniques applied are reliable, so they can be implemented within a protocol snakebite antivenom assessment.
The snakebite antivenoms are the only treatment scientifically approved for use in snakebite accidents in Ecuador are presented from 1400 to 1600 cases per year, the paralysis of domestic production has led to the acquisition of foreign snakebite antivenom. The purpose of this study is to determine the neutralizing capacity of circulating foreign antivenom in Ecuador and generate research proposal as a protocol for evaluation. The study was developed by in vivo and in vitro techniques based on immunoaffinity and immunospecificity of foreign antivenom against Ecuador ofídicas toxins. In vitro testing by ELISA and Western blotting showed a variable immunoaffinity ofídicas antivenoms with toxins. Implemented the in vivo techniques allowed to determine a wide range of toxicological activities and their neutralization. The lethality neutralization test, obtained as results the INS of Peru antivenom neutralized to B. asper venom 2.6 mg / per ml. antivenom, B. atrox to 3.8 mg / ml, L. mutates 2.4 mg / ml, L. acrochorda 3.6 mg / ml; antivenin from Colombia presented a neutralization of 1.4 mg / ml for B. asper and 1.2 mg./ml for each of the other species; Costa Rica antivenin evidence of a neutralization of 2.6 mg./ml for B. asper, 1.6 mg / ml for B. atrox, L. muta presents a neutralization of 2.4 mg / ml while for L. acrochorda 2.25 mg / ml. All tests were performed in triplicate, showing that the techniques applied are reliable, so they can be implemented within a protocol snakebite antivenom assessment.
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Suero antiveneno de serpiente, Método Elisa, Mordeduras de serpientes, Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Protocolos