Intoxicaciones agudas en pacientes pediátricos, protocolo de manejo
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las intoxicaciones en la infancia son muy frecuentes, la mayor parte ocurren dentro del
hogar y los factores de riesgo están en relación con las características mismas del desarrollo
del paciente, factores ambientales, factores económicos y la falta de supervisión adecuada de
un adulto ya que la mayoría de casos ocurren en menores de cinco años. El objetivo general
es determinar el tipo de intoxicaciones pediátricas agudas que acuden al área de emergencia
del Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social de Santo Domingo de Santo
Domingo, en el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2013 y diciembre del 2015, en pacientes
de cero a doce años. Se utilizó la metodología científica y el método fue descriptivo,
retrospectivo, transversal no experimental y cuantitativo, con un universo de 107 pacientes y
una muestra de 28 pacientes, entre los resultados obtenidos se evidencia que las
intoxicaciones agudas es más frecuente en el sexo masculino con 55% y en el sexo
femenino el 45 %. Las intoxicaciones por organofosforados y carbamatos ocuparon el primer
lugar con el 11% seguida por las intoxicaciones por rodenticidas 9%, intoxicaciones por
benzodiazepinas 3%, intoxicaciones por detergentes y productos de limpieza 2% y finalmente
intoxicaciones por drogas y medicamentos 2%. Los resultados nos permitieron determinar
que los protocolos médicos, pueden ser implementados y aplicados para obtener un manejo
científico y correcto de las intoxicaciones pediátricas los mismos que irán en beneficio de los
pacientes y su entorno disminuyendo su morbimortalidad
Childhood intoxications are very common, most occurring in the home and risk factors are related to the very characteristics of the patient's development, environmental factors, economic factors and the lack of adequate adult supervision, since Most cases occur in children under five. The general objective is to determine the type of acute pediatric intoxication that comes to the emergency area of the Hospital of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute of Santo Domingo de Santo Domingo, in the period between January 2013 and December 2015, in patients from zero to twelve years. We used the scientific methodology and the method was descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental and quantitative, with a universe of 107 patients and a sample of 28 patients, among the results obtained it is evident that acute intoxications is more frequent in males with 55% and in the female sex 45%. Organophosphate and carbamate poisonings ranked first with 11% followed by poisonings by rodenticides 9%, poisonings by benzodiazepines 3%, poisonings by detergents and cleaning products 2% and finally poisonings by drugs and drugs 2%. The results allowed us to determine that medical protocols can be implemented and applied to obtain scientific and correct management of pediatric intoxications that will benefit patients and their environment, reducing their morbidity and mortality
Childhood intoxications are very common, most occurring in the home and risk factors are related to the very characteristics of the patient's development, environmental factors, economic factors and the lack of adequate adult supervision, since Most cases occur in children under five. The general objective is to determine the type of acute pediatric intoxication that comes to the emergency area of the Hospital of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute of Santo Domingo de Santo Domingo, in the period between January 2013 and December 2015, in patients from zero to twelve years. We used the scientific methodology and the method was descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental and quantitative, with a universe of 107 patients and a sample of 28 patients, among the results obtained it is evident that acute intoxications is more frequent in males with 55% and in the female sex 45%. Organophosphate and carbamate poisonings ranked first with 11% followed by poisonings by rodenticides 9%, poisonings by benzodiazepines 3%, poisonings by detergents and cleaning products 2% and finally poisonings by drugs and drugs 2%. The results allowed us to determine that medical protocols can be implemented and applied to obtain scientific and correct management of pediatric intoxications that will benefit patients and their environment, reducing their morbidity and mortality
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Palabras clave
Intoxicaciones, Pediatría, Protocolos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital General IESS Santo Domingo, Cantón Santo Domingo, Ecuador