Mortalidad en pacientes de hemodiálisis con hiponatremia
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La Hiponatremia es una problemática de salud a nivel mundial alarmante, debido
al constante crecimiento de su incidencia en pacientes de hemodiálisis con cuadro de hiponatremia
considerado como un factor de riesgo en enfermedades cardiovasculares, y a pesar que las técnicas
de hemodiálisis han ido evolucionando en pro del bienestar del paciente, los pacientes no han
evolucionado en las técnicas de control de ingesta de Na y agua. Como objetivo general la
investigación permitirá Evaluar la incidencia negativa de la hiponatremia para pacientes en
tratamiento de diálisis a través del control del paciente y la verificación de los valores determinados
como normales durante el tratamiento de diálisis. La metodología para el estudio efectuarse se
desarrolla bajo el carácter cuantitativo de corte transversal; obteniéndose como resultado que los
porcentajes de hiponatremia se establecen en el 24 % tanto para hombres como para mujeres;
hipervolemia determinándose en 22% para los hombres y las mujeres 15%; se determinó que los
porcentajes en cuanto a la evolución del peso de las personas que murieron se estableció que en
las mujeres con una edad de 75 años marcaron una incidencia de subida de peso entre los meses
de mayo y octubre; Se identificó tanto para hombres como para mujeres una asociación entre la
hiponatremia y el fallecimiento, al ser un 80% en cada género los fallecidos y que además tuvieron
hiponatremia. Se concluye que la importancia del tema investigado se estima como recomendación
investigar con un mayor número de establecimientos y pacientes los factores de hiponatremia y su
asociación a la fatalidad de los pacientes; implementar planes educativos que muestren a los
afectados normas de conducta haciendo tomar conciencia
Hyponatremia is an alarming worldwide health problem due to the constant growth of its incidence in hemodialysis patients with hyponatremia considered as a risk factor in cardiovascular diseases, and although hemodialysis techniques have been evolving in favor of Patient well-being, patients have not evolved in Na and water intake control techniques. As a general objective the research will allow to evaluate the negative incidence of hyponatremia for patients on dialysis treatment through the control of the patient and the verification of values determined as normal during the dialysis treatment. The methodology for the study is developed under the qualitative character of cross-section; With the result that the percentages of hyponatremia are set at 24% for both men and women; Hypervolemia being determined in 22% for men and women 15%; It was determined that the percentages regarding the evolution of the weight of the people who died were established that in the women with an age of 75 marked an incidence of weight gain between the months of May and October; It was identified for both men and women an association between hyponatremia and death, being 80% in each gender the deceased and also had hyponatremia. Se concluded that the importance of the subject investigated is estimated as a recommendation to investigate with a greater number Of establishments and patients the factors of hyponatremia and their association to the fatality of the patients; Implement educational plans that show affected people rules of conduct making them aware.
Hyponatremia is an alarming worldwide health problem due to the constant growth of its incidence in hemodialysis patients with hyponatremia considered as a risk factor in cardiovascular diseases, and although hemodialysis techniques have been evolving in favor of Patient well-being, patients have not evolved in Na and water intake control techniques. As a general objective the research will allow to evaluate the negative incidence of hyponatremia for patients on dialysis treatment through the control of the patient and the verification of values determined as normal during the dialysis treatment. The methodology for the study is developed under the qualitative character of cross-section; With the result that the percentages of hyponatremia are set at 24% for both men and women; Hypervolemia being determined in 22% for men and women 15%; It was determined that the percentages regarding the evolution of the weight of the people who died were established that in the women with an age of 75 marked an incidence of weight gain between the months of May and October; It was identified for both men and women an association between hyponatremia and death, being 80% in each gender the deceased and also had hyponatremia. Se concluded that the importance of the subject investigated is estimated as a recommendation to investigate with a greater number Of establishments and patients the factors of hyponatremia and their association to the fatality of the patients; Implement educational plans that show affected people rules of conduct making them aware.
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Palabras clave
Diálisis renal, Hiponatremia, Mortalidad, Hospital Alcívar, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Registros médicos