Evaluación y manejo inicial del paciente con trauma de tórax que ingresa al Area de Emergencia
Fecha
2017
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Los traumatismos torácicos (TT) son lesiones que se originan en las estructuras
torácicas por la parte externa (huesos, músculos) y pueden verse afectados los órganos
internos, constituyéndose en situación de emergencia, que debe ser atendido por personal de
salud en especial por enfermería. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la
evaluación y manejo inicial del paciente con trauma de tórax en el área de emergencias del
Hospital General Teófilo Dávila de la ciudad de Machala. Se realizó una investigación con
enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo analítico correlacional, descriptivo y no experimental. El
universo lo constituyó 28 profesionales de enfermería del área de emergencia y 76 pacientes
con trauma torácico. Resultados: El 69% de los casos presentaron la valoración según la
escala de Glasgow; el grupo etario fue de 30 a 39 años en un 26.3%, y el 71.% fue del sexo
masculino, en cuanto al manejo inicial se comprueba parcialmente la hipótesis alterna en que
hay significancia estadística entre el conocimiento sobre trauma de tórax y la actuación de
enfermería en las acciones que ejecuta en cuanto a la participación activa, con un valor de p
0.01 existiendo correlación de las variables, canalización de dos accesos venosos, su valor es
de p 0.005, en donde la búsqueda de signos de obstrucción con un p 0.9 donde no existe
correlación entre las dos variables en el manejo inicial de trauma de tórax en los pacientes
que ingresan al Hospital General Teófilo Dávila.
Thoracic injuries (TT) are injuries that originate in the thoracic structures from the outside (bones, muscles) and that the internal organs can be affected. Chest trauma is frequent in 70% in the context of multiple trauma. In 2014 the mortality rate of patients with chest trauma was 21.41%. The objective is to analyze the evaluation and initial management of the patient with chest trauma, performed by nurses working in the emergency area of the Teófilo Dávila Hospital in the city of Machala. A quantitative investigation was carried out, descriptive study in 28 nursing professionals of the emergency area and 76 patients. Results: The nursing staff has the knowledge of approaching thoracic traumatisms, but they do not have the practice of how to use it. 69% of the medical records that presented the patient's assessment according to the Glasgow scale; the age group of 30 to 39 years (16%), in the male (28%). The hospital stay was between 15 -21 days, the deceased were in the period of up to 7 days; being the cause acute respiratory insufficiency, we conclude: It is partially verified the alternative hypothesis in that There is statistical significance between the knowledge of the Nursing staff with the actions that executes active participation, Channeling of two venous accesses, with the agility in obtaining results of examinations, administration of globular packages, evaluation of the neurological status, maintenance of the patient's body temperature, Nursing Reporting, delivery of the patient in the assessment and initial management of chest trauma in the patients admitted to the hospital Teófilo Dávila .
Thoracic injuries (TT) are injuries that originate in the thoracic structures from the outside (bones, muscles) and that the internal organs can be affected. Chest trauma is frequent in 70% in the context of multiple trauma. In 2014 the mortality rate of patients with chest trauma was 21.41%. The objective is to analyze the evaluation and initial management of the patient with chest trauma, performed by nurses working in the emergency area of the Teófilo Dávila Hospital in the city of Machala. A quantitative investigation was carried out, descriptive study in 28 nursing professionals of the emergency area and 76 patients. Results: The nursing staff has the knowledge of approaching thoracic traumatisms, but they do not have the practice of how to use it. 69% of the medical records that presented the patient's assessment according to the Glasgow scale; the age group of 30 to 39 years (16%), in the male (28%). The hospital stay was between 15 -21 days, the deceased were in the period of up to 7 days; being the cause acute respiratory insufficiency, we conclude: It is partially verified the alternative hypothesis in that There is statistical significance between the knowledge of the Nursing staff with the actions that executes active participation, Channeling of two venous accesses, with the agility in obtaining results of examinations, administration of globular packages, evaluation of the neurological status, maintenance of the patient's body temperature, Nursing Reporting, delivery of the patient in the assessment and initial management of chest trauma in the patients admitted to the hospital Teófilo Dávila .
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
Traumatismos torácicos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital General Teófilo Dávila, Cantón Machala, Ecuador