Cobertura de vacunación en niños menores de un año S.C.S. Codesa - Los Mangos septiembre 2016
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Antecedentes. Las vacunas son una de las estrategias más eficaces y costo
efectividad de nuestros sistemas de salud, a través de los Programas Nacionales de
Inmunizaciones han demostrado ser la medida de salud Pública más efectiva para disminuir
enfermedades infecciosas y erradicar algunas de ellas, sin embargo se necesita alcanzar
coberturas de vacunación elevadas para lograr este objetivo. Un problema importante por
resolver en los Países en desarrollo; son los esquemas incompletos que resulta un riesgo
aumentado de enfermedades prevenibles.
En el Sector Codesa Provincia de Esmeraldas, se han estado presentando coberturas bajas
debido a esquemas de vacunación incompletos en niños menores de un año, por tal motivo
fue necesario investigar los factores que influyen en la presencia de dicho problema.
Metodología. Enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de tipo transversal,
correlacional. Resultados. El 80% de los niños tienen esquema completo según la edad en
meses verificado en los respectivos carnet de vacunación. El 53% de las madres o quienes
están bajo el cuidado del menor han cursado por la secundaria. El 83% refirieron que a veces
falta el biológico en el S.C.S. Codesa. Un mínimo porcentaje de madres tienen poco
conocimiento sobre la importancia de las vacunas. Se concluye que la baja cobertura de
vacunas es dada por factores administrativos ya que a veces no se cuenta con todos los
biológicos para la respectiva administración debido a que a nivel distrital no realizan la
entrega completa de vacunas en base a los grupos programáticos, viéndose las madres o
quienes están bajo el cuidado del menor trasladarse a otras unidades de salud en las que no
hay este tipo de irregularidades. Además se elaboro un plan educativo para concienciar a
las madres o quienes están bajo el cuidado del menor sobre la importancia del cumplimento
de los esquemas de vacunación.
Background. There is an urgent need to raise awareness about the importance of vaccines and vaccination programs as a means of reducing our mortality rates; Universal vaccination through National Immunization Programs have proven to be the most effective public health measure to reduce infectious diseases and eradicate some of them, however, high vaccination coverage is needed to achieve this goal. In the Codesa Province Sector Of Esmeraldas, low coverage has been present due to incomplete vaccination schemes in children under one year. For this reason it was necessary to investigate the factors that influence the presence of this problem. Methodology. Quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-type, correlational. Results. 80% of the children have complete scheme according to the age in months verified in the respective vaccination card. 53% of the mothers or those who are under the care of the minor have attended secondary school. Eighty three percent reported that the biological is sometimes lacking in the Codesa Scs. A minimum percentage of mothers have little knowledge about the importance of vaccines. It is concluded that the low coverage of vaccines is given by administrative factors since sometimes not all biologicals are available for the respective administration because at the district level they do not perform the complete delivery of vaccines based on the program groups, Mothers or those under the care of the minor to move to other health units where there are no such irregularities. In addition, an educational plan was developed to raise awareness among mothers or those under child care of the importance of compliance with vaccination schedules.
Background. There is an urgent need to raise awareness about the importance of vaccines and vaccination programs as a means of reducing our mortality rates; Universal vaccination through National Immunization Programs have proven to be the most effective public health measure to reduce infectious diseases and eradicate some of them, however, high vaccination coverage is needed to achieve this goal. In the Codesa Province Sector Of Esmeraldas, low coverage has been present due to incomplete vaccination schemes in children under one year. For this reason it was necessary to investigate the factors that influence the presence of this problem. Methodology. Quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-type, correlational. Results. 80% of the children have complete scheme according to the age in months verified in the respective vaccination card. 53% of the mothers or those who are under the care of the minor have attended secondary school. Eighty three percent reported that the biological is sometimes lacking in the Codesa Scs. A minimum percentage of mothers have little knowledge about the importance of vaccines. It is concluded that the low coverage of vaccines is given by administrative factors since sometimes not all biologicals are available for the respective administration because at the district level they do not perform the complete delivery of vaccines based on the program groups, Mothers or those under the care of the minor to move to other health units where there are no such irregularities. In addition, an educational plan was developed to raise awareness among mothers or those under child care of the importance of compliance with vaccination schedules.
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PEDIATRIA, VACUNACION, ESQUEMA DE INMUNIZACION, FACTORES DE RIESGO, PROGRAMAS DE INMUNIZACION, UNIDAD DE SALUD UNIDOS SOMOS MAS, SECTOR CODESA - LOS MANGOS, CANTON ESMERALDAS, ECUADOR