Frecuencia de controles médicos e índice de amputación en pie diabético en pacientes de 40 a 80 años atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil de enero de 2014 a enero de 2015
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La diabetes es considerada como la enfermedad del siglo XXI, y el pie diabético una de sus complicaciones más frecuentes y más graves, siendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad y discapacidad, con una importante repercusión, tanto biológica, psicológica y social, puesto que disminuye la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
El pie diabético es considerado un síndrome clínico de origen multifactorial q incluye factores neuropáticos, angiopáticos e infecciosos los cuales serán encargados de producir ulceración, gangrena e infecciones de las extremidades inferiores ameritando hospitalizaciones prolongadas y en la mayoría de las ocasiones amputaciones, incapacitando parcial o totalmente al paciente.
En el presente trabajo se encontró una incidencia de amputaciones en extremidades inferiores por pie diabético del 25.2% del total de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, de las cuales el 51.7% correspondieron a amputaciones de tipo mayor y e l 48.2% de tipo menor, además de que el 73.1% de los pacientes recibían controles médicos, por su enfermedad.
Esta investigación tiene el propósito de hacer tomar conciencia tanto población diabética, como al personal sanitario, sobre la importancia fundamental, que tienen los controles médicos adecuados y precoces en pacientes diabético, con la presencia o no, de alguna complicación.
Con una educación eficaz al paciente diabético se puede reducir la incidencia de las complicaciones y por lo tanto de las amputaciones hasta en un 50%, de los casos.
Palabras clave: diabetes, pie diabético, amputación, neuropatía, enfermedad vascular periférica, úlcera.
Diabetes is considered the disease of the century, and diabetic foot one of its most frequent and more serious complications, one of the leading causes of morbidity and disability, with a significant impact, both biological, psychological and social, since diminishes the quality of life of these patients. The diabetic foot is considered a clinical syndrome of multifactorial origin q it includes neuropathic angiopáticos and infectious factors which are responsible for producing ulceration, gangrene and infections of the lower extremities meriting prolonged hospitalizations and in most cases amputations, partial disabling or completely the patient. In the present study an incidence of amputations was found in diabetic foot lower extremities 25.2% of all patients treated at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, of which 51.7% were older guy amputations 48.2% and the lower rate, in addition to the 73.1% of patients received medical checkups for their disease. This research is intended to do about the fundamental importance, with early and appropriate medical checks in diabetic patients, the presence or absence of complications aware both diabetic population, and the health personnel. Effective education for diabetic patients can reduce the incidence of complications and therefore amputations up to 50% of cases. Keywords: diabetes, diabetic foot, amputation, , neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, , ulcer.
Diabetes is considered the disease of the century, and diabetic foot one of its most frequent and more serious complications, one of the leading causes of morbidity and disability, with a significant impact, both biological, psychological and social, since diminishes the quality of life of these patients. The diabetic foot is considered a clinical syndrome of multifactorial origin q it includes neuropathic angiopáticos and infectious factors which are responsible for producing ulceration, gangrene and infections of the lower extremities meriting prolonged hospitalizations and in most cases amputations, partial disabling or completely the patient. In the present study an incidence of amputations was found in diabetic foot lower extremities 25.2% of all patients treated at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, of which 51.7% were older guy amputations 48.2% and the lower rate, in addition to the 73.1% of patients received medical checkups for their disease. This research is intended to do about the fundamental importance, with early and appropriate medical checks in diabetic patients, the presence or absence of complications aware both diabetic population, and the health personnel. Effective education for diabetic patients can reduce the incidence of complications and therefore amputations up to 50% of cases. Keywords: diabetes, diabetic foot, amputation, , neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, , ulcer.
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Pie diabético, Amputación, Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Diabetes mellitus