Prevalencia de los trastornos hipertensivos en gestantes de 20- 29 años de edad.- Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor.- de enero a julio del 2014
Fecha
2015
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
Los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo son problemas médicos importantes que
explican una proporción elevada de complicaciones maternas y fetales en el Ecuador y
en la mayor parte de los países latinoamericanos. La preeclampsia constituye la más
grave de las complicaciones hipertensivas y puede resultar catastrófica si pasa
inadvertida, sin tratamiento o si evoluciona hacia una eclampsia. El tratamiento
adecuado requiere tener presente los cambios normales de la presión arterial y del
volumen intravascular que tienen lugar durante el embarazo. El desafíomayor es
enfrentar el tratamiento por estar en riesgo 2 vidas y porque no existen estudios de
vigilancia prolongada con los diferentes fármacos antihipertensivos.
El presente estudio se realizó en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor
de la ciudad de Guayaquil, desde Enero a Julio del 2014, basándose en
aproximadamente en 250 casos.
El objetivo de la investigación esdeterminar los factores que inciden en la prevalencia
de los trastornos hipertensivos, identificar que trastornoshipertensivos es el más
frecuente en el embarazo, la incidencia de los riesgos perinatales ante el trastorno
hipertensivoy las complicaciones más comunes.
El material y métodos en que se basó el estudio es de tipo retrospectivo, descriptivo y
transversal los mismos que permiten conocer la interrelación frecuente de las gestantes
y la patología mencionada.
Entre los resultados adquiridos tenemos: Hipertensión Gestacional 62,8%; Preeclampsia
3,2%; Preeclampsia leve 4,8%; Preeclampsia grave 18%; Eclampsia 10,4%; Síndrome
de Hellp 0,8%; lo que másllaman la atención es el alto índice de pacientes tanto
primigestas como multíparas que adquieren esta patología sin presentar un antecedente
familiar o antecedentes anteriores de un embarazo.
Con efecto en sus neonatos se logró ver un 7,6 % de pacientes que cumplieron con el
periodo a término de gestación; a su vez, el peso de los recién nacidos fue en un 43,6 %
anormal; y el índice APGAR fue de un 72 % dentro de lo normal.
Así mismo se pudo observar que las gestantes ante el diagnostico presentado por el
obstetra o médico residente del área refirió el procedimiento indicado sea este un parto o
cesárea.
Palabras claves: trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, hipertensión gestacional,
preeclampsia, eclampsia, síndrome de Hellp.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are major medical problems that explain a high proportion of maternal and fetal complications in Ecuador and in most Latin American countries. Preeclampsia is the most serious of hypertensive complications and can be catastrophic if it goes undetected, untreated or if it evolves into a eclampsia. Proper treatment requires having this normal change in blood pressure and intravascular volume that occur during pregnancy. The biggest challenge is to address the treatment to be at risk 2 life and because there are no studies of prolonged monitoring with different antihypertensive drugs. The present study was conducted in the Obstetric-Gynecologic Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor city of Guayaquil, from January to July 2014, based on approximately 250 cases. The aim of the research is to determine the factors that influence the prevalence of hypertensive disorders, identifying that hypertensive disorder is the most common in pregnancy, the incidence of perinatal risks to the hypertensive disorder and the most common complications. Material and methods on which the study was based is retrospective, descriptive and cross them often provide insights into the interplay of pregnant and pathology mentioned type. The results obtained are gestational hypertension 62.8%; Preeclampsia 3.2%; mild preeclampsia 4.8%; Severe Preeclampsia 18%; Eclampsia 10.4%; HELLP Syndrome 0.8%; what most striking is the high rate of both primiparous and multiparous patients who acquire this disease without presenting a family history or previous history of pregnancy. With effect on their infants were able to see 7.6% of patients who met the full term gestation period; turn weight infants was 43.6% abnormal; and APGAR index was 72% in normal, unlike patients with this low rate is high. Also, it was observed that pregnant before the diagnosis presented by the obstetrician or resident area physician referred the procedure indicated is the delivery or cesarean section.e
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are major medical problems that explain a high proportion of maternal and fetal complications in Ecuador and in most Latin American countries. Preeclampsia is the most serious of hypertensive complications and can be catastrophic if it goes undetected, untreated or if it evolves into a eclampsia. Proper treatment requires having this normal change in blood pressure and intravascular volume that occur during pregnancy. The biggest challenge is to address the treatment to be at risk 2 life and because there are no studies of prolonged monitoring with different antihypertensive drugs. The present study was conducted in the Obstetric-Gynecologic Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor city of Guayaquil, from January to July 2014, based on approximately 250 cases. The aim of the research is to determine the factors that influence the prevalence of hypertensive disorders, identifying that hypertensive disorder is the most common in pregnancy, the incidence of perinatal risks to the hypertensive disorder and the most common complications. Material and methods on which the study was based is retrospective, descriptive and cross them often provide insights into the interplay of pregnant and pathology mentioned type. The results obtained are gestational hypertension 62.8%; Preeclampsia 3.2%; mild preeclampsia 4.8%; Severe Preeclampsia 18%; Eclampsia 10.4%; HELLP Syndrome 0.8%; what most striking is the high rate of both primiparous and multiparous patients who acquire this disease without presenting a family history or previous history of pregnancy. With effect on their infants were able to see 7.6% of patients who met the full term gestation period; turn weight infants was 43.6% abnormal; and APGAR index was 72% in normal, unlike patients with this low rate is high. Also, it was observed that pregnant before the diagnosis presented by the obstetrician or resident area physician referred the procedure indicated is the delivery or cesarean section.e
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
Embarazo, Hipertensión inducida en el embarazo, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Sindrome de Hellp, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador