Factores de riesgo de preclampsiay eclampsia en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Materno Infantil Mariana de Jesús en el período enero 2014 - diciembre 2014 : revisión bibliográfica
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La preeclampsia y la eclampsia son trastornos multisistémicos de causa desconocida; se caracterizan por una atribuible placentación anómala, con hipoxia y/o isquemia placentaria, disfunción del endotelio materno, probablemente favorecida por una predisposición inmunogenética, con inapropiada o exagerada respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. Los hallazgos clínicos de la preeclampsia pueden manifestarse como un síndrome materno (hipertensión y proteinuria con o sin anomalías sistémicas), y/o un síndrome fetal (restricción de crecimiento fetal, reducción del líquido amniótico e hipoxia fetal). La eclampsia se caracteriza por la aparición de convulsiones no causadas por alguna enfermedad neurológica coincidente en una paciente preeclámptica, sin estar estrictamente relacionada con la gravedad, ya que pueden aparecer abruptamente incluso existiendo pocos signos de preeclampsia. Forman parte de los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, constituyéndose de esta forma en patologías de alto riesgo Gineco-Obstétrico. Conforman las principales patologías que incrementan el porcentaje de mortalidad materno–neonatal siendo un problema vital de salud pública, tanto a nivel nacional como mundial. En el año 2010, en Ecuador, fue catalogada como la primera causa de muerte materna (INEC 2010). Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio así como los objetivos del Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir tienen entre sus metas "Reducir la mortalidad materna en 75% entre 1990 y 2015”. Esta investigación tiene la característica de ser un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo no experimental, observacional que tiene como base de desarrollo el Hospital Materno Infantil Mariana de Jesús, con una ficha de extracción de datos de las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidas en el área toco-quirúrgica en el período Enero 2014 – Diciembre 2014, con el fin de establecer los factores de riesgo de desarrollar dichas patologías.
Palabras claves: Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Síndrome de Hellp, Factores de Riesgo
Preeclampsia and eclampsia are multisystem disorders of unknown cause; are characterized by abnormal placentation attributable, hypoxia and / or placental ischemia, maternal endothelial dysfunction probably favored by predisposing immunogenetic with inappropriate or exaggerated inflammatory response. The clinical findings of preeclampsia may manifest as a maternal syndrome (hypertension and proteinuria with or without systemic abnormalities), and / or a fetal syndrome (fetal growth restriction, decreased amniotic fluid and fetal hypoxia). Eclampsia is characterized by the appearance of seizures not caused by any coincident neurological disease in a preeclamptic patient without being strictly related to the severity, can appear abruptly because even if there are few signs of preeclampsia. Part of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, becoming this way in high-risk diseases Obstetrics Gynecology. Make major diseases that increase the percentage of maternal and neonatal mortality remains a vital public health issue, both nationally and globally. In 2010, in Ecuador, it was listed as the leading cause of maternal death (INEC 2010). The Millennium Development Goals and the objectives of the National Plan for Good Living are among its goals "Reducing maternal mortality by 75% between 1990 and 2015". This research has the characteristic of being a retrospective, descriptive, not experimental, observational study which is based on developing the Mariana Maternity Hospital of Jesus, with a record of extracting data from the medical records of patients treated at the play-surgical area in the period January 2014 - December 2014, in order to establish the factors the risk of developing these diseases. Key words: Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Hellp Syndrome, risks factors
Preeclampsia and eclampsia are multisystem disorders of unknown cause; are characterized by abnormal placentation attributable, hypoxia and / or placental ischemia, maternal endothelial dysfunction probably favored by predisposing immunogenetic with inappropriate or exaggerated inflammatory response. The clinical findings of preeclampsia may manifest as a maternal syndrome (hypertension and proteinuria with or without systemic abnormalities), and / or a fetal syndrome (fetal growth restriction, decreased amniotic fluid and fetal hypoxia). Eclampsia is characterized by the appearance of seizures not caused by any coincident neurological disease in a preeclamptic patient without being strictly related to the severity, can appear abruptly because even if there are few signs of preeclampsia. Part of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, becoming this way in high-risk diseases Obstetrics Gynecology. Make major diseases that increase the percentage of maternal and neonatal mortality remains a vital public health issue, both nationally and globally. In 2010, in Ecuador, it was listed as the leading cause of maternal death (INEC 2010). The Millennium Development Goals and the objectives of the National Plan for Good Living are among its goals "Reducing maternal mortality by 75% between 1990 and 2015". This research has the characteristic of being a retrospective, descriptive, not experimental, observational study which is based on developing the Mariana Maternity Hospital of Jesus, with a record of extracting data from the medical records of patients treated at the play-surgical area in the period January 2014 - December 2014, in order to establish the factors the risk of developing these diseases. Key words: Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Hellp Syndrome, risks factors
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Complicaciones del embarazo, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Factores de riesgo, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador