Incidencia de anemia gestacional e influencia en el recién nacido Maternidad Matilde Hidalgo de Procel 2015-2016
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
La anemia gestacional en las mujeres embarazadas constituye un problema de morbimortalidad que afecta tanto a la madre como a su hijo, pudiendo producir complicaciones tanto en etapas perinatales como post-natales. La anemia es un descenso de la concentración de hemoglobina con una reducción consiguiente del valor del hematócrito. Hay suficientes evidencias de que la anemia por deficiencia de hierro en la embarazada aumenta el riesgo de partos prematuros y bajo peso al nacer. El propósito de esta investigación es conocer la incidencia de la anemia gestacional y la influencia sobre el recién nacido en las mujeres que acuden al Hospital Materno-Infantil Dra Matilde Hidalgo de Procel desde Noviembre del 2015 hasta Abril del 2016, en el servicio de hospitalización, bajo esta presunción diagnóstica y valoradas clínicamente obtuve como instrumentos una hoja de recolección de datos, historia clínica minuciosa, y valoración de exámenes complementarios. La metodología fue de tipo descriptivo, explicativo, bibliográfico, con diseño no experimental, prospectivo. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que la anemia se presentó con mayor frecuencia en el rango de 15 – 20 años de edad con 49% y en menor porcentaje en pacientes de mayores de 30 años con 15%, manifestándose en el primer trimestre de gestación con 42% caracterizada por anemia leve 65%, influyendo también el nivel socio-económico medio de 44% lo que recomiendo campañas de educación para la salud como una alternativa de solución al problema para prevenir esta patología y contribuir a la disminución de casos de anemia y favorecer así en la reducción de la morbimortalidad materno – fetal.
Gestational anemia in pregnant women is a problem of morbidity and mortality that affects both the mother and her child, can cause complications both perinatal and postnatal stages. Anemia is a decrease in hemoglobin concentration with a consequent reduction in the value of hematocrit. There is sufficient evidence that iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women increases the risk of premature birth and low birth weight. The purpose of this research is to determine the incidence of gestational anemia and influence on the newborn in women who come to the Hospital Maternal and Child Dr. Matilde Hidalgo from November 2015 to April 2016, in the hospital service, under this presumptive diagnosis and assessed clinically as tools got a sheet of data collection, thorough history and assessment of additional tests. The methodology was descriptive, explanatory, literature, non-experimental, prospective design type. The results revealed that anemia occurred more frequently in the range of 15 to 20 years old with 49% and to a lesser extent in patients over age 30 with 15%, manifesting itself in the first trimester with 42% characterized by mild anemia 65%, also influencing the socio-economic level average of 44% which recommend educational campaigns for health as an alternative solution to the problem to prevent this disease and help reduce cases of anemia and thereby favor in reducing morbidity and mortality and maternal - fetal.
Gestational anemia in pregnant women is a problem of morbidity and mortality that affects both the mother and her child, can cause complications both perinatal and postnatal stages. Anemia is a decrease in hemoglobin concentration with a consequent reduction in the value of hematocrit. There is sufficient evidence that iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women increases the risk of premature birth and low birth weight. The purpose of this research is to determine the incidence of gestational anemia and influence on the newborn in women who come to the Hospital Maternal and Child Dr. Matilde Hidalgo from November 2015 to April 2016, in the hospital service, under this presumptive diagnosis and assessed clinically as tools got a sheet of data collection, thorough history and assessment of additional tests. The methodology was descriptive, explanatory, literature, non-experimental, prospective design type. The results revealed that anemia occurred more frequently in the range of 15 to 20 years old with 49% and to a lesser extent in patients over age 30 with 15%, manifesting itself in the first trimester with 42% characterized by mild anemia 65%, also influencing the socio-economic level average of 44% which recommend educational campaigns for health as an alternative solution to the problem to prevent this disease and help reduce cases of anemia and thereby favor in reducing morbidity and mortality and maternal - fetal.
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Anemia gestacional, Recién nacido, Complicaciones, Incidencia, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Materno Infantil Dra. Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador