Diseño de un plan de gestión de riesgos químicos y materiales en la estación de servicios Las Monjas - Guayaquil.
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2014-07-02
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
La presente investigación consiste en el desarrollo de un Plan de Higiene
Laboral, Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional para la prevención de las
Enfermedades Profesionales que podría generar el manejo de Gasolina en
los operadores de surtidores de la Estación de Servicios “Las Monjas”,
partiendo de un levantamiento de información en aspectos tales como;
desorganización administrativa, y de servicios, bodegas, zonas de
seguridad, manejo inadecuado de equipos, presencia de vapores de
gasolina, presencia de elementos materiales y de zonas de peligro. Se
elaboró un informe sobre el Diseño de una Estructura Organizacional y
Administrativa, así como de un Programa de Salud Ocupacional (Vigilancia
Epidemiológica de Salud Ocupacional) y un Plan de Control de Riesgos
Químicos y de Riesgos Materiales. A la etapa mencionada se ha incluido la
Propuesta de soluciones a las dificultades presentadas, con la creación de
la Propuesta de una Estructura Organizacional y Administrativa, Propuesta
del Diseño del Programa de Salud Ocupacional (Vigilancia Epidemiológica
Ocupacional), Propuesta de Medidas de Protección Individual, Comité
Paritario de Salud Ocupacional, Reglamento Interno de Trabajo,
complementada con procedimientos, recomendaciones, tablas y figuras,
que deberán ser aplicadas como mecanismos de solución definitiva a la
problemática existente. El Plan Propuesto cuenta con el respaldo de la
normativa legal vigente, Normas INEN, criterios del INSHT de España, del
NIOSH y de la ACGIH de los Estados Unidos. Se ha realizado un análisis
del cumplimiento de Requisitos Legales de Riesgos Laborales, aplicables
a la Salud en el Trabajo que exige la Legislación Ecuatoriana a través del
Sistema de Auditorías de Riesgos del Trabajo SART, habiéndose
revisado las condiciones materiales de puestos de trabajo y los factores
de riesgo por manejo de gasolina de los trabajadores, procediendo a
detallar los requisitos a cumplirse, evaluando la situación y sugiriendo las
mejoras de sus condiciones de trabajo para cumplir con la normativa legal
de riesgos laborales, que es el objetivo principal de la Estación de
Servicios “Las Monjas”.
This research involves the development of an Occupational Hygiene, Safety and Health Plan for the prevention of occupational diseases that could result from handling gas at the “Las Monjas” gas service station by gathering information on criteria such as: administrative and service disorganization, warehouses, security zones, improper handling of equipment, gasoline vapors, presence of material elements and danger zones. We developed a report on the Design of Organizational and Administrative Structure and an Occupational Health Program (Epidemiological Surveillance on Occupational Health) and a Plan for the control of chemical and material risks. To this step we have added several proposals to solve the difficulties presented through the creation of: a Proposal of an Administrative and Organizational Structure, a Proposal for the Design of an Occupational Health Program (Occupational Epidemiological Surveillance), a Proposal on Personal Protection Measures, a Joint Committee on Occupation Health, an Internal Labor Code; as well as procedures, recommendations, tables and images that shall be applied as mechanisms for the final solution to existing problems. The proposed plan is supported by current legislation, as well as INEN standards and criteria according to the National Institute of Safety and Hygiene at Work in Spain and the NIOSH and ACGIH in the United States. We developed an analysis on the compliance of the legal requirements on labor risks applied to health at work as required by Ecuadorian legislation through the SART course (Audits on Risks at Work.) We were able to review the material conditions on every work station and the risk factors regarding handling of gas by employees, to detail the requirements that need to be met, to assess the situation and propose improvements to the working conditions in order to comply with the legislation on risks at work, which is the main objective at the “Las Monjas” service station.
This research involves the development of an Occupational Hygiene, Safety and Health Plan for the prevention of occupational diseases that could result from handling gas at the “Las Monjas” gas service station by gathering information on criteria such as: administrative and service disorganization, warehouses, security zones, improper handling of equipment, gasoline vapors, presence of material elements and danger zones. We developed a report on the Design of Organizational and Administrative Structure and an Occupational Health Program (Epidemiological Surveillance on Occupational Health) and a Plan for the control of chemical and material risks. To this step we have added several proposals to solve the difficulties presented through the creation of: a Proposal of an Administrative and Organizational Structure, a Proposal for the Design of an Occupational Health Program (Occupational Epidemiological Surveillance), a Proposal on Personal Protection Measures, a Joint Committee on Occupation Health, an Internal Labor Code; as well as procedures, recommendations, tables and images that shall be applied as mechanisms for the final solution to existing problems. The proposed plan is supported by current legislation, as well as INEN standards and criteria according to the National Institute of Safety and Hygiene at Work in Spain and the NIOSH and ACGIH in the United States. We developed an analysis on the compliance of the legal requirements on labor risks applied to health at work as required by Ecuadorian legislation through the SART course (Audits on Risks at Work.) We were able to review the material conditions on every work station and the risk factors regarding handling of gas by employees, to detail the requirements that need to be met, to assess the situation and propose improvements to the working conditions in order to comply with the legislation on risks at work, which is the main objective at the “Las Monjas” service station.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, RIESGOS QUÍMICOS, ESTACIÓN DE SERVICIOS, PLAN DE GESTIÓN