Factores de riesgo materno asociados a ruptura prematura de membranas en embarazos a término en el Hospital Alfredo G. Paulson, agosto 2016 a enero 2017
Fecha
2017
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
La Ruptura Prematura de Membranas constituye un problema de Salud Pública a escala mundial, sobre todo en países emergentes como el Ecuador, ya que dicha patología está asociada a alta morbimortalidad fetal secundaria a prematurez, bajo peso al nacer e infecciones como la corioamnionitis que comprometen la viabilidad fetal. Con el objetivo de determinar qué factores biológicos de tipo materno están involucrados en la predisposición de padecer ruptura prematura de membranas se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal sobre los factores de riesgo materno asociados a ruptura prematura de membranas en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital de la Mujer Alfredo G Paulson. Una vez aplicada la fórmula estadística correspondiente, se obtuvo una muestra de 114 mujeres con diagnóstico de RPM, la información de cada una de ellas fue registrada en un formulario en que se incluyeron las variables como: edad, paridad previa, número de controles prenatales y diagnóstico. Una vez tabulado los datos se obtuvieron como resultados que mujeres entre 26 a 36 años de edad presentaron el índice más alto de ruptura prematura de membranas con un (50% de casos) seguido de mujeres entre 37 – 45 años (37.72%) y 15 – 25 años con (12.28%).La principal causa desencadenante fueron las de origen infeccioso con un (54.39% de casos), que corresponden a 62 casos, seguidos de desproporción céfalo-pélvica (19.30%), Polihidramnios (14.91%), Multiparidad (9.65%), y Consumo de drogas (1.75%).La infección de vías urinaria es la principal causa de ruptura prematura de membranas.El fin del presente trabajo es proporcionar una herramienta útil para conocer aquellos factores que el personal de salud debe priorizar en la atención de mujeres con riesgo de ruptura prematura de membranas.
Premature rupture of membranes constitutes a public health problem worldwide, especially in emerging countries such as Ecuador, as this pathology is associated with high fetal morbidity and mortality secondary to prematurity, low birth weight and infections such as chorioamnionitis that compromise Fetal viability. In order to determine which maternal biological factors are involved in the predisposition to undergo premature rupture of membranes, a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study was performed on the maternal risk factors associated with premature rupture of membranes in patients treated At the Alfredo G Paulson Women's Hospital. Once the corresponding statistical formula was applied, a sample of 114 women with a diagnosis of RPM was obtained, information on each of them was recorded in a form that included variables such as: age, previous parity, number of prenatal controls and diagnosis. Once tabulated the data were obtained as results that women between 26 and 36 years of age had the highest rate of premature rupture of membranes with one (50% of cases) followed by women between 37-45 years (37.72%) and 15 - 25 years with (12.28%). The main cause was those with infectious origin (54.39%), corresponding to 62 cases, followed by cephalopelvic disproportion (19.30%), Polyhydramnios (14.91%), Multiparity (9.65%), and Consumption of Drugs (1.75%). Urinary tract infection is the main cause of premature rupture of membranes. The purpose of the present study is to provide a useful tool to know those factors that health personnel should prioritize in the care of women at risk of premature rupture of membranes.
Premature rupture of membranes constitutes a public health problem worldwide, especially in emerging countries such as Ecuador, as this pathology is associated with high fetal morbidity and mortality secondary to prematurity, low birth weight and infections such as chorioamnionitis that compromise Fetal viability. In order to determine which maternal biological factors are involved in the predisposition to undergo premature rupture of membranes, a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study was performed on the maternal risk factors associated with premature rupture of membranes in patients treated At the Alfredo G Paulson Women's Hospital. Once the corresponding statistical formula was applied, a sample of 114 women with a diagnosis of RPM was obtained, information on each of them was recorded in a form that included variables such as: age, previous parity, number of prenatal controls and diagnosis. Once tabulated the data were obtained as results that women between 26 and 36 years of age had the highest rate of premature rupture of membranes with one (50% of cases) followed by women between 37-45 years (37.72%) and 15 - 25 years with (12.28%). The main cause was those with infectious origin (54.39%), corresponding to 62 cases, followed by cephalopelvic disproportion (19.30%), Polyhydramnios (14.91%), Multiparity (9.65%), and Consumption of Drugs (1.75%). Urinary tract infection is the main cause of premature rupture of membranes. The purpose of the present study is to provide a useful tool to know those factors that health personnel should prioritize in the care of women at risk of premature rupture of membranes.
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
Embarazo, Rotura prematura de membranas fetales, Factores de riesgo, Etiología, Infecciones urinarias, Complicaciones del embarazo, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital de la Mujer Alfredo G. Paulson, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador