Principales factores predisponente de preeclampsia en pacientes atendidas en la Maternidad Enrique C. Sotomayor de octubre 2013 a marzo 2014
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
La preeclampsia se define como la presencia de la triada de aumento de la presión sanguínea, proteinuria y edema durante el embarazo. Puede manifestarse en cualquier momento después de las 20 semanas de gestación y durante un periodo de hasta seis semanas posparto. Es el desorden hipertensivo más frecuente del embarazo, variando un incidencia entre 2% y 25% en diferentes partes del mundo. Su efecto no solo altera la salud materna, pues la elevada tasa de prematuridad y el retardo de crecimiento fetal intrauterino asociado a este desorden incrementan la mortalidad perinatal. El efecto sistémico de la pre-eclampsia se explica, desde el punto de vista fisiopatológico, por el vasoespasmo arteriolar generalizado, el cual se traduce en isquemia e hipoxia en los tejidos afectados y posterior necrosis y sangrado. Por lo anterior descrito y con base en lo que se conoce acerca de la preeclampsia surge el interés de conocer los principales factores desencadenante de esta entidad, identificando además los síntomas más comunes que se presentan en mujeres embarazadas que acuden por atención al hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor. Los materiales y métodos utilizados, en éste trabajo está basados en un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo no experimental. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas de cada paciente hospitalizada con diagnóstico de preeclampsia en el período establecido. La muestra fue de 243 casos, desde octubre del 2013 a marzo del 2014. Se concluye que los principales factores de Preeclampsia son la edad de las paciente que oscila entre los 16 -21 años, de la cual la mayoría fueron primigestas, y la edad gestacional en la que hubieron más casos de Pre-eclampsia es de 38-40 semanas. El resultado de este estudio concuerda con la literatura de que la preeclampsia es más frecuente en primigestas que en multigestas.
Preeclampsia was defined as the presence of a triad of increased blood pressure, proteinuria and edema during pregnancy. It can occur any time after 20 weeks of pregnancy and for a period of up to six weeks postpartum. Is the most common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, varying one incidence between 2% and 25% in different parts of the world. Its effect not only alters maternal health, as the high rate of prematurity and intrauterine fetal growth associated with this disorder increased perinatal mortality. The systemic effect of pre-eclampsia can be explained from the viewpoint pathophysiological for arteriolar generalized vasospasm, which results in ischemia and hypoxia in affected tissues and subsequent necrosis and bleeding. As described above and based on what is known about preeclampsia interest in knowing the main triggering factors of this entity, besides identifying the most common symptoms that occur in pregnant women attending hospital care arises Obstetric-Gynecologic Enrique C. Sotomayor. The materials and methods used in this work is based on a prospective, non-experimental study description. The data were obtained from medical records gives each hospitalized patient with preeclampsia in the specified period. The sample consisted of 243 cases from October 2013 to March 2014. Was concluded that the main factors are age Preeclampsia patient of between 16 -21 years, of which most were nulliparous, and age gestational in most cases they had pre-eclampsia is 38-40 weeks. The result of this study is consistent with literature that preeclampsia is more common in primiparous than in multiparous. In addition, the most frequent, for newborns fetal consequences are small for gestational age and neonatal depression.
Preeclampsia was defined as the presence of a triad of increased blood pressure, proteinuria and edema during pregnancy. It can occur any time after 20 weeks of pregnancy and for a period of up to six weeks postpartum. Is the most common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, varying one incidence between 2% and 25% in different parts of the world. Its effect not only alters maternal health, as the high rate of prematurity and intrauterine fetal growth associated with this disorder increased perinatal mortality. The systemic effect of pre-eclampsia can be explained from the viewpoint pathophysiological for arteriolar generalized vasospasm, which results in ischemia and hypoxia in affected tissues and subsequent necrosis and bleeding. As described above and based on what is known about preeclampsia interest in knowing the main triggering factors of this entity, besides identifying the most common symptoms that occur in pregnant women attending hospital care arises Obstetric-Gynecologic Enrique C. Sotomayor. The materials and methods used in this work is based on a prospective, non-experimental study description. The data were obtained from medical records gives each hospitalized patient with preeclampsia in the specified period. The sample consisted of 243 cases from October 2013 to March 2014. Was concluded that the main factors are age Preeclampsia patient of between 16 -21 years, of which most were nulliparous, and age gestational in most cases they had pre-eclampsia is 38-40 weeks. The result of this study is consistent with literature that preeclampsia is more common in primiparous than in multiparous. In addition, the most frequent, for newborns fetal consequences are small for gestational age and neonatal depression.
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Embarazo, Preeclampsia, Hipertensión inducida en el embarazo, Causalidad, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Estudios prospectivos