Contaminación de metales pesados en alimentos en Ecuador: Meta-Análisis
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2020-04
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Los metales pesados pueden generar efectos adversos sobre la salud de los humanos y los alimentos han sido identificados como una de las principales fuentes de metales pesados en estos. En el presente estudio se realizó un meta-análisis de la contaminación de metales pesados (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) en los alimentos en Ecuador. Los resultados fueron comparados con estándares nacionales e internacionales. Las mayores concentraciones de metales pesados se presentaron en los alimentos de origen animal: Gallus gallus domesticus, Ostrea columbiensis, Anadara similis y Sardinops sagax, los mismos que se destacaron por sus elevadas concentraciones de As, Cd, Hg y Pb, respectivamente. Todos los grupos de alimentos analizados presentaron valores por encima de los LMP, esto es el 35% de alimentos animales, 25 % de alimentos vegetales y 13% de alimentos procesados, lo que indica que la población está expuesta a contaminarse con estos metales. Se realizó una propuesta para reducir los metales pesados en los alimentos.
Heavy metal can cause adverse effects on human health. The food has been identified as the main route of exposure to heavy metals for human beings. The present meta-analysis considers the heavy metal pollution (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) in food in Ecuador. The results were compared with national and international standards. The highest heavy metal content was found in food of animal origin: Gallus gallus domesticus, Ostrea columbiensis, Anadara similis, and Sardinops sagax, the same that emphasize for their high concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. All food groups studied presented values above permissible limits, which is 35% of animal foods, 25% of plant foods and 13% of processed foods, which indicates that the population is exposed to contamination with heavy metals. A proposal to reduce heavy metals in food was made.
Heavy metal can cause adverse effects on human health. The food has been identified as the main route of exposure to heavy metals for human beings. The present meta-analysis considers the heavy metal pollution (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) in food in Ecuador. The results were compared with national and international standards. The highest heavy metal content was found in food of animal origin: Gallus gallus domesticus, Ostrea columbiensis, Anadara similis, and Sardinops sagax, the same that emphasize for their high concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. All food groups studied presented values above permissible limits, which is 35% of animal foods, 25% of plant foods and 13% of processed foods, which indicates that the population is exposed to contamination with heavy metals. A proposal to reduce heavy metals in food was made.
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METALES PESADOS, INOCUIDAD ALIMENTARIA, ARSÉNICO (As), CADMIO (Cd), MERCURIO (Hg), PLOMO (Pb)