Efecto de la vinaza de caña de azúcar sobre la sobrevivencia y crecimiento de Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) y prevalencia de Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Fecha
2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La vinaza de caña de azúcar es un residuo generado por la transformación de caña en etanol y se utiliza como fertilizante en el sector camaronero por ser rica en nutrientes. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado el efecto de este residuo sobre la biota. Es por ello que el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de vinaza sobre el crecimiento y sobrevivencia de Litopenaeus vannamei y la prevalencia de Vibrio parahaemolyticus, principal patógeno del camarón en Ecuador. Se utilizaron post larvas L. vannamei, las cuales fueron aclimatadas durante una semana y expuestas a diferentes diluciones de vinaza (control, 0.1, 0.5, 5, 10. y 50%) durante 96h según el protocolo (EPA/ROC, 1998). Se determinó el peso, el porcentaje de sobrevivencia y se realizaron los cortes histológicos de branquias y hepatopáncreas. Así mismo, se estableció la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) de vinaza sobre el crecimiento de V. parahaemolyticus y las variaciones sobre los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua (pH, TºC, oxígeno disuelto, conductividad, salinidad, TDS). La vinaza modificó los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua de cultivo de L. vannamei, aumentando la salinidad, los sólidos totales suspendidos, la conductividad eléctrica y disminuyendo la temperatura, el pH y el oxígeno disuelto, lo que generó la muerte de los individuos a las concentraciones de vinaza estudiadas. Además, los camarones presentaron deshidratación y delaminación de las branquias y del hepatopáncreas por pérdida de células B. Por el contrario, la vinaza no inhibió a la bacteria V. parahaemolyticus, lo que apoya la teoría de que en presencia de vinaza prolifera este patógeno. Para concluir se recomienda no utilizar este compuesto en las camaroneras ya que pueden afectar los parámetros fisicoquímicos, generar mortalidad en los camarones y estimular el crecimiento del patógeno V. parahaemolyticus.
The sugarcane vinasse is a waste generated by the transformation of cane into ethanol and is used as fertilizer in the shrimp sector because it is rich in nutrients. However, the effect of this residue on biota has not been studied. That is why the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vinasse on the growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei and Vibrio parahaemolyticus prevalence, the main shrimp pathogen in Ecuador. L. vannamei larvae were used, which were acclimated for a week and exposed to different dilutions of vinasse (control, 0.1, 0.5, 5, 10. and 50%) during 96h according to the EPA / ROC protocol, 1998. It was determined the weight, the percentage of survival and the histological cuts of gills and hepatopancreas were made. Likewise, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vinasse was established on the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and the variations on the physicochemical parameters of the water (pH, TºC, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, salinity, TDS). The vinasse modified the physicochemical parameters of the water of culture of L. vannamei, increasing the salinity, the total suspended solids, the electrical conductivity and diminishing the temperature, the pH and the dissolved oxygen, which generated the death of the shrimps at the concentrations of vinasse studied. In addition, shrimp presented dehydration and delamination of the gills and hepatopancreas due to loss of B cells. On the other hand, vinasse did not affect V. parahaemolyticus bacteria, so it is recommended not to use vinasse in shrimp farms since they can affect the physicochemical parameters, affect the shrimp and proliferate the pathogen V. parahaemolyticus.
The sugarcane vinasse is a waste generated by the transformation of cane into ethanol and is used as fertilizer in the shrimp sector because it is rich in nutrients. However, the effect of this residue on biota has not been studied. That is why the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vinasse on the growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei and Vibrio parahaemolyticus prevalence, the main shrimp pathogen in Ecuador. L. vannamei larvae were used, which were acclimated for a week and exposed to different dilutions of vinasse (control, 0.1, 0.5, 5, 10. and 50%) during 96h according to the EPA / ROC protocol, 1998. It was determined the weight, the percentage of survival and the histological cuts of gills and hepatopancreas were made. Likewise, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vinasse was established on the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and the variations on the physicochemical parameters of the water (pH, TºC, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, salinity, TDS). The vinasse modified the physicochemical parameters of the water of culture of L. vannamei, increasing the salinity, the total suspended solids, the electrical conductivity and diminishing the temperature, the pH and the dissolved oxygen, which generated the death of the shrimps at the concentrations of vinasse studied. In addition, shrimp presented dehydration and delamination of the gills and hepatopancreas due to loss of B cells. On the other hand, vinasse did not affect V. parahaemolyticus bacteria, so it is recommended not to use vinasse in shrimp farms since they can affect the physicochemical parameters, affect the shrimp and proliferate the pathogen V. parahaemolyticus.
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L. VANNAMEI, VINAZA, V. PARAHAEMOLYTICUS, BIOENSAYO, CULTIVO, DL50