Salud oral en pacientes con Insuficiencia renal
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2020-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
La insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC), es la reducción gradual de la capacidad funcional renal
que va de meses a años, es decir, es la incapacidad progresiva e irreversible del riñón para
mantener sus funciones normales, observándose alteraciones funcionales o estructurales. La
insuficiencia renal crónica terminal (IRCT) es la etapa final de la enfermedad llevando al
paciente a hemodiálisis y/o diálisis y en casos extremos a trasplante renal, empeorando su
calidad de vida y provocando muchas consecuencias en distintas partes del organismo, entre
ellas: las alteraciones bucales, causadas por la enfermedad o producto de la medicación que
recibe el paciente. Esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo, teniendo como objetivo principal
identificar las manifestaciones orales que se presentan en estos pacientes. Dicho estudio ha sido
caracterizado con una metodología documental, descriptiva y exploratorio; por lo tanto, la
presente investigación se fundamenta en recopilar y analizar toda la información actualizada
necesaria para el desarrollo del tema. Además, esta investigación incluye los diferentes
protocolos, flujograma y fármacos que se deben utilizar en pacientes con insuficiencia renal
crónica durante la consulta odontológica, sin obviar todas las comorbilidades que estos
pacientes presentan. Por lo tanto, se concluye que estos pacientes con insuficiencia renal
crónica presentan gran cantidad de alteraciones en la cavidad oral, las cuales en muchas
ocasiones no son tratadas en forma adecuadas deteriorando la enfermedad sistémica.
Chronic renal failure (CKD) is the gradual reduction of renal functional capacity from months to years, i.e. the progressive and irreversible inability of the kidney to maintain its normal functions, with functional or structural alterations observed. End-stage chronic renal failure (IRCT) is the final stage of the disease leading the patient to hemodialysis and/or dialysis and in extreme cases to renal transplantation, worsening their quality of life and causing many consequences in different parts of the body, including: oral alterations, caused by the disease or product of the medication that the patient receives. This research has been carried out, with the main objective of identifying the oral manifestations that occur in these patients. This study has been characterized by a documentary, descriptive and exploratory methodology; therefore, this research is based on collecting and analyzing all the up-to-date information necessary for the development of the topic. In addition, this research includes the different protocols, flowchart and drugs that should be used in patients with chronic renal impairment during the dental consultation, without ignoring all the comorities that these patients present. It is therefore concluded that these patients with chronic renal impairment have a large number of alterations in the oral cavity, which in many cases are not adequately treated by impairing systemic disease.
Chronic renal failure (CKD) is the gradual reduction of renal functional capacity from months to years, i.e. the progressive and irreversible inability of the kidney to maintain its normal functions, with functional or structural alterations observed. End-stage chronic renal failure (IRCT) is the final stage of the disease leading the patient to hemodialysis and/or dialysis and in extreme cases to renal transplantation, worsening their quality of life and causing many consequences in different parts of the body, including: oral alterations, caused by the disease or product of the medication that the patient receives. This research has been carried out, with the main objective of identifying the oral manifestations that occur in these patients. This study has been characterized by a documentary, descriptive and exploratory methodology; therefore, this research is based on collecting and analyzing all the up-to-date information necessary for the development of the topic. In addition, this research includes the different protocols, flowchart and drugs that should be used in patients with chronic renal impairment during the dental consultation, without ignoring all the comorities that these patients present. It is therefore concluded that these patients with chronic renal impairment have a large number of alterations in the oral cavity, which in many cases are not adequately treated by impairing systemic disease.
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Palabras clave
SALUD BUCAL, DIABETES MELLITUS, INSUFICIENCIA RENAL