Caracterización geológica-geomorfológica de la subcuenca río Zapotal del cantón Santa Elena, provincia de Santa Elena, aplicando técnicas de Teledetección.
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2020-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente estudio se realizó en la provincia de Santa Elena, en el cantón del mismo nombre. Se aplicaron técnicas de teledetección para caracterizar los aspectos geológicos y geomorfológicos de la sub cuenca Zapotal. Para este procedimiento se utilizó información base como curvas de nivel e imágenes satelitales, y se las procesó en un sistema de información geográfica. Por otro lado, se usó el software PCI Geomatica, especializado en tratamiento de imágenes satelitales para extraer lineamientos del área de estudio. También, se utilizaron combinaciones de bandas para extraer información acerca de la presencia de minerales en el territorio. Con los resultados obtenidos se realizó la validación de la información con la comprobación en el campo, a través de observaciones directas, medición de datos y toma de muestras de mano para su descripción macroscópica. Se determinó que la cuenca tiene una red hídrica moderadamente densa, de textura fina y que es propensa a crecidas súbitas y a desbordarse ante intensas lluvias. Se identificaron 5 unidades geomorfológicas y se obtuvo el mapa de los lineamientos (posibles fallas). Se reconocieron diferentes mineralizaciones, identificándose 3 tipos de minerales: óxidos ferrosos, minerales de arcilla y minerales ferrosos. La aplicación de Teledetección permitió obtener datos cartográficos útiles para interpretar la geología del territorio, que reflejan con certeza la realidad del campo, lo que contribuye a realizar trabajos geológicos preliminares con menos gasto de tiempo, y detectar datos que se observan sólo a determinadas alturas.
The following investigation took place in Santa Elena province. Remote sensing techniques were applied to characterize the geological and geomorphological aspects of the basin Zapotal. For this process, basic information such as contour lines and satellite images were used, and then they were processed in a geographical information system. On the other hand, a software called PCI Geomatica was used, that specializes in satellites images processing in order to extract lienaments from the area of study. Also, bands combinations were used to recover information about the presence of minerals in the area. With the results obtained, the validation of the process was made in the field, through data collection and description of macroscopic samples. It was determined that the basin has a drainage of fine texture and it is susceptible to flash floods in the presence of intense precipitations. Five geomorphological units were identified and a map of the lineaments (likely falts) was obtained, different mineralization was identified, 3 types of minerals ferrous oxides, clay minerals and ferrous minerals. The use of remote sensing allowed the adquisition of cartographic data useful to interpret the geology of the area, and it reflects with certainty the reality of the field, which contributes to carry out preliminar geological work with less expenditure of time, and to detect data that are observed only at certain heights.
The following investigation took place in Santa Elena province. Remote sensing techniques were applied to characterize the geological and geomorphological aspects of the basin Zapotal. For this process, basic information such as contour lines and satellite images were used, and then they were processed in a geographical information system. On the other hand, a software called PCI Geomatica was used, that specializes in satellites images processing in order to extract lienaments from the area of study. Also, bands combinations were used to recover information about the presence of minerals in the area. With the results obtained, the validation of the process was made in the field, through data collection and description of macroscopic samples. It was determined that the basin has a drainage of fine texture and it is susceptible to flash floods in the presence of intense precipitations. Five geomorphological units were identified and a map of the lineaments (likely falts) was obtained, different mineralization was identified, 3 types of minerals ferrous oxides, clay minerals and ferrous minerals. The use of remote sensing allowed the adquisition of cartographic data useful to interpret the geology of the area, and it reflects with certainty the reality of the field, which contributes to carry out preliminar geological work with less expenditure of time, and to detect data that are observed only at certain heights.
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SENSORES REMOTOS, TELEDETECCIÓN, IMÁGENES SATELITALES