Vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de mediana altura en suelos blandos de la Ciudad de Guayaquil
Fecha
2019-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil- Facultad Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas- Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
Resumen
La presente investigación se la realizó en las parroquias urbanas: Tarqui, 9 de Octubre, Rocafuerte, Roca y Pedro Carbo-Concepción del cantón Guayaquil, el problema surgió de la necesidad de cuantificar de una muestra aleatoria definida por el autor de 50 edificaciones de mediana altura (8 a 14 pisos) aplicando la metodología de los Índices de Priorización para la Gestión del Riesgo Sísmico en Edificaciones Existentes, con el objetivo de medir y valorar la vulnerabilidad sísmica existente.
La investigación fue dirigida hacia los sectores de la ciudad con presencia de suelos blandos basándose en el mapa actualizado geológico de la ciudad de Guayaquil presentado por la Secretaria de Gestión de Riesgo en el año 2014. El autor enfatizo la necesidad de llevar a cabo esta investigación como el principio de un estudio que servirá para llevar a cabo un cambio en las metodologías de construcción de Guayaquil sobre todo en zonas con presencia de suelos blandos los cuales afectan el comportamiento dinámico de las estructuras frente a los sismos que se puedan presentar.
Satisfactoriamente se concluyó y se determinó un 90% de edificios con vulnerabilidad elevada y un 94% de la muestra como edificaciones con prioridad máxima a moderada. Además se lograron identificar a las 5 edificaciones más críticas las que obtuvieron los puntajes más altos de vulnerabilidad, riesgo y priorización, las cuales serán consideradas para un análisis de evaluación estructural más detallado.
This research was carried out in urban parishes: Tarqui, 9 de Octubre, Rocafuerte, Roca and Pedro Carbo-Concepción of the Guayaquil´s city, the problem arose from the need to quantify a random sample defined by the author of 50 medium-sized buildings height (8 to 14 floors) applying the methodology of the Prioritization Indexes for the Management of Seismic Risk in Existing Buildings, with the objective of measuring and assessing the existing seismic vulnerability. The investigation was directed towards the sectors of the city with presence of soft soils based on the updated geological map of the Guayaquil´s city presented by the Secretary of Risk Management in 2014. The author emphasized the need to carry out this research as the principle of a study that will serve to carry out a change in the construction methodologies of Guayaquil, especially in areas with soft soil presence which affect the dynamic behavior of the structures against the earthquakes that may occur. Satisfactoryly it was concluded and 90% of buildings with high vulnerability and 94% of the sample were determined as buildings with maximum to moderate priority. In addition, it was possible to identify the 5 most critical buildings that obtained the highest vulnerability, risk and prioritization scores, which will be considered for a more detailed structural evaluation analysis.
This research was carried out in urban parishes: Tarqui, 9 de Octubre, Rocafuerte, Roca and Pedro Carbo-Concepción of the Guayaquil´s city, the problem arose from the need to quantify a random sample defined by the author of 50 medium-sized buildings height (8 to 14 floors) applying the methodology of the Prioritization Indexes for the Management of Seismic Risk in Existing Buildings, with the objective of measuring and assessing the existing seismic vulnerability. The investigation was directed towards the sectors of the city with presence of soft soils based on the updated geological map of the Guayaquil´s city presented by the Secretary of Risk Management in 2014. The author emphasized the need to carry out this research as the principle of a study that will serve to carry out a change in the construction methodologies of Guayaquil, especially in areas with soft soil presence which affect the dynamic behavior of the structures against the earthquakes that may occur. Satisfactoryly it was concluded and 90% of buildings with high vulnerability and 94% of the sample were determined as buildings with maximum to moderate priority. In addition, it was possible to identify the 5 most critical buildings that obtained the highest vulnerability, risk and prioritization scores, which will be considered for a more detailed structural evaluation analysis.
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Palabras clave
Vulnerabilidad sísmica, Índice de priorización, Suelos blandos, Amenaza sísmica, Riesgo sísmico