La importancia de la cadena de custodia para garantizar la autenticidad de la prueba en el proceso penal Ecuatoriano
Fecha
2020-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Jurisprudencia Ciencias Sociales y Políticas
Resumen
Las pruebas son el eje en torno al que gira todo el proceso judicial, lo cual es reconocido tanto en la doctrina como en la jurisprudencia, de tal manera, su producción evacuación y valoración se le deberá otorgar la requerida importancia desde que esta es recolectada hasta que se efectúa su presentación en la audiencia de juicio; es la prueba la que le da vida al proceso judicial, en tal sentido, son necesarias para garantizar el éxito de la investigación penal.
La estructura de esta investigación académica es realizada en base a exigencias actuales que reclama el Sistema Penal Acusatorio, el cual se encuentra expresado en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal, con el sustento de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, en lo referente a los medios probatorios, donde se muestra la necesidad de que estos sean auténticos, lo cual es posible con una efectiva y eficaz cadena de custodia dada su vital importancia y transcendencia en el proceso penal ecuatoriano, la cual garantizará, la preservación e integridad de los elementos probatorios que se aportan a la investigación penal, con el fin de evitar su modificación, alteración o contaminación.
Tal es la relevancia de que las pruebas conserven su mismidad, ya que estas son la base del fiscal para acusar, y la base del juzgador para sentenciar; por lo tanto es indispensable que la cadena de custodia se efectúe conforme lo determina su procedimiento, sin que se emitan ninguno de sus eslabones, ya que con esta se garantizará la seguridad y autenticidad de las evidencias físicas obtenidas en el lugar de los hechos; precautelando con esto que se cumpla el debido proceso, y de tal manera estas sean admitidas y valoradas por el juzgador competente, por lo tanto, se podrá desvirtuar presunciones de inocencia o descartar la culpabilidad del procesado.
Evidence is the axis around which the entire judicial process revolves, which is recognized both in doctrine and in jurisprudence, in this way, their production, evacuation and evaluation, must give the required importance from the moment it is collected until their presentation is made at the trial hearing. This evidence which gives life to the judicial process; therefore, they are necessary to guarantee the success of the criminal investigation. The structure of this academic research is carried out based on current requirements demanded by the Accusatory Criminal System, which is expressed in the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, with the support of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, in relation to the media evidence; showing the necessity of been authentic, which is possible with an effective and efficient custody chain given their vital importance and significance in the Ecuadorian criminal process, which will guarantee the preservation and integrity of the evidence that are contributed to the criminal investigation, in order to avoid their modification, alteration or contamination. In this way the relevance of the evidence retaining their sameness because this are the basis of the prosecutor to accuse, and the basis of the judge to sentence. Therefore, it is essential that the custody chain is carried out as determined by their procedure, without issuing any of its links, since this will guarantee the security and authenticity of the physical evidence obtained at the scene of the events; with this precautionary compliance with due process, and for this reason these are admitted and valued by the competent judge, therefore, presumptions of innocence may be disproved or the guilt of the accused may be discarded.
Evidence is the axis around which the entire judicial process revolves, which is recognized both in doctrine and in jurisprudence, in this way, their production, evacuation and evaluation, must give the required importance from the moment it is collected until their presentation is made at the trial hearing. This evidence which gives life to the judicial process; therefore, they are necessary to guarantee the success of the criminal investigation. The structure of this academic research is carried out based on current requirements demanded by the Accusatory Criminal System, which is expressed in the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, with the support of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, in relation to the media evidence; showing the necessity of been authentic, which is possible with an effective and efficient custody chain given their vital importance and significance in the Ecuadorian criminal process, which will guarantee the preservation and integrity of the evidence that are contributed to the criminal investigation, in order to avoid their modification, alteration or contamination. In this way the relevance of the evidence retaining their sameness because this are the basis of the prosecutor to accuse, and the basis of the judge to sentence. Therefore, it is essential that the custody chain is carried out as determined by their procedure, without issuing any of its links, since this will guarantee the security and authenticity of the physical evidence obtained at the scene of the events; with this precautionary compliance with due process, and for this reason these are admitted and valued by the competent judge, therefore, presumptions of innocence may be disproved or the guilt of the accused may be discarded.
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CADENA DE CUSTODIA, PERITO, CRIMINALÍSTICA, AUTENTICIDAD Y PRUEBA