Determinación de cadmio y plomo en la pulpa de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica)
Fecha
2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
La contaminación por metales pesados en los recursos hídricos, suelos y aire resultan una de las problemáticas más severas que comprometen la seguridad alimentaria y salud pública a nivel global. La familia de las Fabaceae es la más expuestas indudablemente al poseer un área foliar muy amplia, lo cual las hace más susceptibles a la absorción de metales pesados del suelo o agua. En la Universidad de Guayaquil crecen árboles frutales en las riberas del Estero Salado, el cual presenta una alta contaminación de metales pesados, por lo cual es importante determinar la presencia de cadmio y plomo en la pulpa de Tamarindus Indica por medio del método de Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica valorando su impacto. Encontrando una concentración de Cadmio de <1.25 mg/Kg, al respecto no existen valores declarados en la norma NTE INEN 271, pero si en el CODEX STAN 193-1995 cuyo valor referencial es de 0.2 mg/Kg. En el caso del Plomo se encontró una concentración de <1.25 mg/Kg, valores que podrían encajar en lo expresado en la norma NTE INEN 271 con una referencia de 0.05 mg/Kg, así como en el CODEX STAN 193-1995 con un valor permitido de 0.2 mg/Kg, debiéndose realizar una cuantificación más sensible que explique el estado que presentan los árboles. Por lo tanto, no se pueden consumir los frutos de tamarindo que crecen en las riberas del Estero Salado en la Universidad de Guayaquil hasta que se garantice su inocuidad.
Heavy metal contamination in water, soil and air resources is one of the most severe problems that compromise food safety and public health at a global level. The Fabaceae family are the most exposed as they have a very large foliar area, which makes them more susceptible to the absorption of heavy metals from the soil or water. At the Guayaquil University fruit trees grow on the banks of the Estero Salado, which presents a high contamination of heavy metals, therefore it is important to determine the presence of cadmium and lead in the pulp of Tamarindus Indica through the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method, assessing their impact. As a result, a Cadmium concentration of <1.25 mg / Kg has been found. At the moment there are no declared numbers in the NTE INEN 271 standard, but there are in the CODEX STAN 193-1995 whose reference number is 0.2 mg / Kg. In the case of Lead, a concentration of <1.25 mg / Kg was found, numbers that could fit into what is expressed in the NTE INEN 271 standard with a reference of 0.05 mg / Kg, as well as in the CODEX STAN 193-1995 with a number allowed of 0.2 mg / Kg, having to carry out a more sensitive quantification that explains the state of the trees. Therefore, the tamarind fruits that grow on the banks of the Estero Salado at the Guayaquil University cannot be consumed until their safety is guaranteed.
Heavy metal contamination in water, soil and air resources is one of the most severe problems that compromise food safety and public health at a global level. The Fabaceae family are the most exposed as they have a very large foliar area, which makes them more susceptible to the absorption of heavy metals from the soil or water. At the Guayaquil University fruit trees grow on the banks of the Estero Salado, which presents a high contamination of heavy metals, therefore it is important to determine the presence of cadmium and lead in the pulp of Tamarindus Indica through the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method, assessing their impact. As a result, a Cadmium concentration of <1.25 mg / Kg has been found. At the moment there are no declared numbers in the NTE INEN 271 standard, but there are in the CODEX STAN 193-1995 whose reference number is 0.2 mg / Kg. In the case of Lead, a concentration of <1.25 mg / Kg was found, numbers that could fit into what is expressed in the NTE INEN 271 standard with a reference of 0.05 mg / Kg, as well as in the CODEX STAN 193-1995 with a number allowed of 0.2 mg / Kg, having to carry out a more sensitive quantification that explains the state of the trees. Therefore, the tamarind fruits that grow on the banks of the Estero Salado at the Guayaquil University cannot be consumed until their safety is guaranteed.
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TAMARINDUS INDICA, CADMIO, PLOMO