Mejoramiento de eficiencia de la urea mediante la adición de ácidos húmicos, fúlvicos y aplicación de fitohormonas en arroz Oriza sativa L.
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2013-04-17
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo en la época de verano de 2012, en la finca “Vargas” ubicada en el km 49 de la vía a Jujan, en el recinto Tototorale Nigüito de la provincia del Guayas, los objetivos fueron: 1) Determinar la mejor combinación de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos en la eficiencia agronómica y de recuperación del nitrógeno.
2) Medir el efecto de las aplicaciones foliares y micro elementos en arroz; y, 3) Realizar un análisis económico de los tratamientos, para medir la factibilidad de su uso. En todos los tratamientos se realizaron las mismas labores. El diseño empleado fue diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo grupal con 11 tratamientos distribuidos aleatoriamente con tres repeticiones. Los factores estudiados fueron: nitrógeno (0, 160, 150, 140, 130, 120, 100, 90 kg/ha); ácidos húmicos + ácidos fúlvicos: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 (kg/ha), y como exploración se pusieron dos tratamientos con fitoreguladores + microelementos 0 y 1000 ml/ha. Se concluyó que: 1) Los tratamientos, en las variables altura de planta, días a floración, longitud de panículas, panículas/m 2 , macollos/m 2 , número de granos/panícula, porcentaje de vaneamiento, porcentaje de granos manchados fueron iguales estadísticamente; 2) El peso de 1000 semillas (g) fue superior en los tratamientos donde se aplicó fertilización, en comparación con el testigo absoluto; 3) Los rendimientos de
grano Paddy fueron superiores en los tratamientos donde se aplicaron los fertilizantes, en comparación con el tratamiento donde no se fertilizó; 4) No hubo efecto significativo por la aplicación foliar de fotoreguladores en mezcla con microelementos en arroz; 5) La mejor eficiencia agronómica del nitrógeno se encontró con los tratamientos siete (110 kg N/ha + 25 kg de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos) y ocho (90 kg/ha de N + 30 kg de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos); 6) La mejor eficiencia de recuperación se la encontró con los tratamientos tres (150 kg N/ha + 5 kg de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos), cuatro (140 kg N/ha + 10 kg/ha de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos), ocho (90 kg/ha de N + 30 kg de ácidos 49 húmicos y fúlvicos), 10 (160 kg N/ha + 15 kg de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos + 1 L de fitoamin/ha) y 11 (90 kg N/ha + 30 kg/ha de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos + 1 L de fitoamin/ha); 7) Las concentraciones foliares de nitrógeno fueron adecuadas para todos los tratamientos; 8) Económicamente, la mejor tasa de retorno marginal, se la encontró con los tratamientos dos y siete.
The present research was conducted in the summer of 2012, in the Villa "Vargas" located at km 49 of the road to Jujan, on campus TototoraleNigüito of the province of Guayas, the objectives were: 1 ) determine the best combination of humic and fulvic acids in the agronomic and nitrogen recovery. Measuring the effect of foliar applications, 2) and trace elements in rice, and 3) Perform an economic analysis of the treatment, to measure the feasibility of their use. All treatments were performed the same tasks. The design was a randomized block design under group with 11 randomized treatments with 3 repetitions. The factors studied were: nitrogen (0, 160, 150, 140, 130, 120, 100, 90 kg / ha): humic + fulvic acids: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 (kg / ha ), and as exploration 2 treatments were regulators + microelements Fito 0 and 1000 mL / ha. They concluded: 1) treatments in plant height, days to flowering, panicle length, panicles/m2, macollos/m2, number of grains / panicle, vaneamiento percentage, percentage of stained grains were statistically equal, 2 ) the weight of 1000 was higher in the treatments applied fertilization treatments compared to the absolute control, 3) paddy grain yields were higher in treatments where fertilizer was applied compared to the treatment where no fertilizer and 4) There was no significant effect of foliar application of regulatory picture in mixture with trace elements in rice; 5) the best 51 agronomic efficiency of nitrogen was found with seven treatments (110 kg N / ha + 25 kg of humic and fulvic ) and 8 (90 kg / ha N + 30 kg of humic and fulvic);6) The best recovery efficiency of the treatments found 3 (150kg N / ha + 5 kg of humic and fulvic acids), 4 (140 kg N / ha + 10 kg / ha of humic and fulvic acids), 8 (90 kg / ha of N + 30 kg of humic and fulvic acids), 10 (160 kg N / ha + 15 kg of humicandfulvicfitoamin + 1 L / ha) and 11 (90 kg N / ha + 30 kg / ha of humic and fulvicfitoamin + 1 L / ha); 7) foliar nitrogen concentrations were adequate for all treatments; 8) Economically, the best marginal rate of return, she was found with treatments 2 and 7.
The present research was conducted in the summer of 2012, in the Villa "Vargas" located at km 49 of the road to Jujan, on campus TototoraleNigüito of the province of Guayas, the objectives were: 1 ) determine the best combination of humic and fulvic acids in the agronomic and nitrogen recovery. Measuring the effect of foliar applications, 2) and trace elements in rice, and 3) Perform an economic analysis of the treatment, to measure the feasibility of their use. All treatments were performed the same tasks. The design was a randomized block design under group with 11 randomized treatments with 3 repetitions. The factors studied were: nitrogen (0, 160, 150, 140, 130, 120, 100, 90 kg / ha): humic + fulvic acids: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 (kg / ha ), and as exploration 2 treatments were regulators + microelements Fito 0 and 1000 mL / ha. They concluded: 1) treatments in plant height, days to flowering, panicle length, panicles/m2, macollos/m2, number of grains / panicle, vaneamiento percentage, percentage of stained grains were statistically equal, 2 ) the weight of 1000 was higher in the treatments applied fertilization treatments compared to the absolute control, 3) paddy grain yields were higher in treatments where fertilizer was applied compared to the treatment where no fertilizer and 4) There was no significant effect of foliar application of regulatory picture in mixture with trace elements in rice; 5) the best 51 agronomic efficiency of nitrogen was found with seven treatments (110 kg N / ha + 25 kg of humic and fulvic ) and 8 (90 kg / ha N + 30 kg of humic and fulvic);6) The best recovery efficiency of the treatments found 3 (150kg N / ha + 5 kg of humic and fulvic acids), 4 (140 kg N / ha + 10 kg / ha of humic and fulvic acids), 8 (90 kg / ha of N + 30 kg of humic and fulvic acids), 10 (160 kg N / ha + 15 kg of humicandfulvicfitoamin + 1 L / ha) and 11 (90 kg N / ha + 30 kg / ha of humic and fulvicfitoamin + 1 L / ha); 7) foliar nitrogen concentrations were adequate for all treatments; 8) Economically, the best marginal rate of return, she was found with treatments 2 and 7.
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ARROZ, ACIDO HUMICO, FITOHORMONAS, NITROGENO
Citación
Quinto Batallas, Giovanny Luis (2013): Mejoramiento de eficiencia de la urea mediante, la adición de ácidos húmicos, fúlvicos y aplicación de fitohormonas en arroz (Oryza sativa L.)