Prediseño del relleno sanitario y tratamiento de Lixiviados para el cantón Baba provincia de los Ríos, Ecuador
Fecha
2020-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil- Facultad Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas- Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
Resumen
El Cantón Baba ubicado en la Provincia de Los Ríos con una población actual de 51.104 habitantes genera un total de 37 Ton/día de residuos sólidos, los cuales no cuentan con un lugar adecuado para su correcta y adecuada disposición final.
Es por esta razón que la elaboración de la presente tesina tiene como propósito evaluar un lugar adecuado para la ubicación de un relleno sanitario y pre diseñar el mismo; lo que permitirá mitigar en gran parte las molestias, enfermedades y vectores generados por la incorrecta disposición de los residuos sólidos.
Se realizó la evaluación de diferentes parámetros a cada uno de los lugares previamente seleccionados, realizándose su respectivo análisis y ponderación. Se consideró entre ellos el lugar que menor impacto ambiental ocasionaba al medio convirtiéndose en una alternativa factible con un área de aproximadamente 89 Ha., estando además muy alejado de la ciudad, en este lugar seleccionado se pueden realizar varias ampliaciones o varias etapas para el proyecto de relleno sanitario a futuro de 50 años.
Se propone también un sistema de tratamiento de lixiviados mediante el tradicional tanque séptico y un pantano seco también conocido como humedal artificial de flujo subsuperficial horizontal.
En la presente investigación el dimensionamiento estará compuesto por plataformas las cuales se irán formando por medio de celdas diarias de residuos sólidos, serán 13 plataformas que se colocarán en forma piramidal cada una con su material de cobertura, con un total de área a utilizar de 8 Ha. para los primeros 25 años las que se presenten en este proyecto.
The Baba Canton located in the Los Ríos Province with a current population of 51,104 inhabitants generates a total of 37 Ton / day of solid waste, which does not have a suitable place for its correct and adequate final disposal. It is for this reason that the purpose of preparing this thesis is to evaluate a suitable place for the location of a sanitary landfill and to pre-design it; This will largely mitigate the annoyances, diseases and vectors generated by the incorrect disposal of solid waste. The evaluation of different parameters was carried out in each of the previously selected places, carrying out their respective analysis and weighting. Among them was considered the place that caused the least environmental impact on the environment, becoming a feasible alternative with an area of approximately 89 hectares, being also very far from the city, in this selected place several extensions or several stages can be carried out for the project of landfill in the future of 50 years. A leachate treatment system is also proposed using the traditional septic tank and a dry swamp, also known as a horizontal subsurface flow artificial wetland. In the present investigation, the dimensioning will be composed of platforms which will be formed by means of daily solid waste cells, there will be 13 platforms that will be placed in a pyramidal shape each with its covering material, with a total area to be used of 8 There are for the first 25 years those that are presented in this project.
The Baba Canton located in the Los Ríos Province with a current population of 51,104 inhabitants generates a total of 37 Ton / day of solid waste, which does not have a suitable place for its correct and adequate final disposal. It is for this reason that the purpose of preparing this thesis is to evaluate a suitable place for the location of a sanitary landfill and to pre-design it; This will largely mitigate the annoyances, diseases and vectors generated by the incorrect disposal of solid waste. The evaluation of different parameters was carried out in each of the previously selected places, carrying out their respective analysis and weighting. Among them was considered the place that caused the least environmental impact on the environment, becoming a feasible alternative with an area of approximately 89 hectares, being also very far from the city, in this selected place several extensions or several stages can be carried out for the project of landfill in the future of 50 years. A leachate treatment system is also proposed using the traditional septic tank and a dry swamp, also known as a horizontal subsurface flow artificial wetland. In the present investigation, the dimensioning will be composed of platforms which will be formed by means of daily solid waste cells, there will be 13 platforms that will be placed in a pyramidal shape each with its covering material, with a total area to be used of 8 There are for the first 25 years those that are presented in this project.
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Palabras clave
Relleno Sanitario, Impactos Ambientales, Humedades Artificiales, Tanque Séptico, Lixiviados, Cierre Técnico