Factores clínicos y epidemiológicos en neonatos con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo por aspiración meconial
Fecha
2020
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: El síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo (SDRA) por aspiración meconial se caracteriza por presentar signos y síntomas de insuficiencia respiratoria de forma aguda en un recién nacido (RN), que intraútero o intraparto aspiró líquido amniótico meconial. Objetivo: Determinar los factores clínicos y epidemiológicos en neonatos con SDRA por Aspiración Meconial. Método: La muestra está constituida por 107 casos, la cual se obtuvo a través de la revisión de historias clínicas de neonatos que fueron diagnosticados con Síndrome de Aspiración Meconial (SAM) e ingresados en el Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2017 a diciembre 2019. Resultados: Las variables que estadísticamente destacaron son: tiraje intercostal acompañado de aleteo nasal y taquipnea como manifestaciones clínicas, además según la valoración en la Escala de Silverman y Anderson predominó la presentación del SAM en su forma leve; referente a los factores maternos se estableció que la edad promedio fue entre 34 a 38 años, la diabetes mellitus como comorbilidad clínica, el parto distócico, preeclampsia y líquido meconial dos cruces (++) como comorbilidades gineco-obstétricas; mientras que en el neonato el género masculino, los productos a término y un APGAR mayor de 7 son los factores predominantes. Conclusiones: Existen factores clínicos y epidemiológicos tanto maternos como neonatales que predisponen al desarrollo de SAM, por ello es necesario realizar un buen control prenatal y una monitorización clínica constante al neonato, para de esta forma brindar la atención médica adecuada y por ende alcanzar una recuperación satisfactoria.
Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to meconium aspiration is characterized by presenting signs and symptoms of acute respiratory failure in a newborn (NB), who in utero or intrapartum aspirated meconium amniotic fluid. Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological factors in neonates with ARDS by Meconium Aspiration. Method: The sample consists of 107 cases, which was obtained through a review of the medical records of neonates who were diagnosed with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) and admitted to the General Hospital Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. Results: The variables that statistically stood out are: intercostal drawing accompanied by nasal flutter and tachypnea as clinical manifestations, in addition, according to the evaluation on the Silverman and Anderson Scale, the presentation of MAS in its mild form predominated. Regarding maternal factors, it was established that the mean age was between 34 and 38 years, diabetes mellitus as clinical comorbidity, dystocic delivery, pre-eclampsia and meconium fluid two crosses (++) as gynecological-obstetric comorbidities, while in the neonate, the male gender, term products and an APGAR greater than 7 are the predominant factors. Conclusions: There are both maternal and neonatal clinical and epidemiological factors that predispose to the development of MAS, therefore it is necessary to carry out good prenatal control and constant clinical monitoring of the newborn, in order to provide adequate medical care and therefore achieve recovery satisfactory.
Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to meconium aspiration is characterized by presenting signs and symptoms of acute respiratory failure in a newborn (NB), who in utero or intrapartum aspirated meconium amniotic fluid. Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological factors in neonates with ARDS by Meconium Aspiration. Method: The sample consists of 107 cases, which was obtained through a review of the medical records of neonates who were diagnosed with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) and admitted to the General Hospital Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. Results: The variables that statistically stood out are: intercostal drawing accompanied by nasal flutter and tachypnea as clinical manifestations, in addition, according to the evaluation on the Silverman and Anderson Scale, the presentation of MAS in its mild form predominated. Regarding maternal factors, it was established that the mean age was between 34 and 38 years, diabetes mellitus as clinical comorbidity, dystocic delivery, pre-eclampsia and meconium fluid two crosses (++) as gynecological-obstetric comorbidities, while in the neonate, the male gender, term products and an APGAR greater than 7 are the predominant factors. Conclusions: There are both maternal and neonatal clinical and epidemiological factors that predispose to the development of MAS, therefore it is necessary to carry out good prenatal control and constant clinical monitoring of the newborn, in order to provide adequate medical care and therefore achieve recovery satisfactory.
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del recién nacido, Síndrome de aspiración de meconio, Líquido amniótico, Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor, Cantón Santa Elena, Ecuador, Registros médicos