Morbimortalidad de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en pacientes adultos mayores del Hospital Básico Esmeraldas período 2018
Fecha
2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Según la definición de la OMS, el evento cerebrovascular (o ictus), es una disfunción neurológica focal y a veces global de inicio súbito, que dura más 24 horas (o termina con la vida del paciente) de origen vascular. El termino ictus, proviene del latín (golpe) y significa en inglés (stroke) es al que ahora en vez de apoplejía, evento cerebrovascular agudo (o ACVA), implica la aparición rápida y grave, encasillando un sin número de etiologías, sin que haya habido traumatismo, de naturaleza vascular ya sea isquémico o hemorrágico. Pero en este estudio trataremos específicamente el isquémico. El ictus es una enfermedad catastrófica, recurrente y devastadora en todo el mundo, el problema de salud pública más importante al que se dedica la Neurología, y el motivo más frecuente de hospitalización neurológica.
La meta de este estudio fue determinar la cantidad de ECV isquémico en el adulto mayor durante el año 2018 que acudieron a la emergencia del hospital básico Esmeraldas con diagnóstico de Enfermedad Cerebral Vascular isquémico.
Identificar las principales causas que provocan el ictus isquémico, recomendar el mejor tratamiento a pacientes hipertensos, diabéticos para evitar esta patología y mejorar la calidad de vida en adulto mayor.
También señalamos la frecuencia de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica aguda de acuerdo con la edad, sexo, las comorbilidades asociadas.
Tipo de estudio: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, de corte transversal.
Población: Pacientes atendidos en la emergencia con el diagnóstico de enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica aguda, en el Hospital Básico Esmeraldas durante el periodo 2018 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.
Metodología: Se recolectaron los datos de las historias clínicas en el área de estadística y de la base de datos del programa S400 del Hospital IESS Básico Esmeraldas.
Materiales: Se evalúa la tasa de morbimortalidad de pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de ACV isquémico quienes fueron atendidos durante el periodo mencionado.
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Las variables que se midieron fueron: edad, sexo, factores de riesgo, (diabetes, hipertensión arterial, fibrilación auricular, Dislipidemia, tabaco, alcohol, sedentarismo).
Plan de análisis: El siguiente análisis fue invariable para la estadística descriptiva, y bivariable para la estadística analítica de asociación. Se emplearon frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las variables cualitativas y variables cuantitativas se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. La asociación se realizó con odds ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza (IC) 95%.
Resultados: La cantidad de pacientes estudiados, edad frecuente más de 60 años, el promedio de la complicación más frecuente de ACV isquémico fue seguida del menos frecuente.
Conclusión: Mediante este estudio se evidencio que las complicaciones con relación a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles mal tratadas, a los hábitos, etnia.
According to the WHO definition, cerebrovascular accident (or stroke) is a focal or sometimes global neurological dysfunction of sudden onset, lasting more than 24 hours (or ending the life of the patient) of presumable vascular origin. The term stroke, comes from the Latin (blow) and equivalent in English (stroke) is the one that is referred to now instead of apoplexy, acute cerebrovascular accident (or ACVA), implying the sudden and serious appearance, encompassing a number of etiologies, without there having been trauma, of a vascular nature, whether ischemic or hemorrhagic. But in this study, we will deal specifically with the ischemic. Stroke is a catastrophic disease, the most frequent and devastating in the world, the most important public health problem to which Neurology deals, and the most frequent reason for neurological hospitalization. The objective of this study was to determine the amount of ischemic stroke in the elderly during 2018 who attended the emergency room at the Esmeraldas Basic Hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic Cerebral Vascular Disease. I also determine the frequency of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease according to age to age, sex, and associated comorbidities. Type of study: An observational, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. Population: Patients seen in the emergency room with a diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, at the Hospital Básico Esmeraldas during the 2018 period who met the inclusion criteria. Methodology: Data were collected from the medical records in the statistics area and from the database of the S400 program of the Iess Básico Esmeraldas Hospital. Materials: The morbidity and mortality rate of elderly patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke who were treated during the mentioned period was evaluated. The variables that were measured were: age, sex, risk factors, (diabetes, arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, Dyslipidemia, tobacco, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle). XV Analysis plan: The analysis was invariable for the descriptive statistics, and bivariate for the analytical statistics of association. Absolute and relative frequencies were used for qualitative variables and quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used. The association was made with odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The number of patients analyzed, frequent age over 60 years, the average of the most frequent complication of ischemic stroke was followed by the least frequent. Conclusion: By conducting this study it was determined that complications related to poorly treated chronic non-communicable diseases, habits, ethnicity
According to the WHO definition, cerebrovascular accident (or stroke) is a focal or sometimes global neurological dysfunction of sudden onset, lasting more than 24 hours (or ending the life of the patient) of presumable vascular origin. The term stroke, comes from the Latin (blow) and equivalent in English (stroke) is the one that is referred to now instead of apoplexy, acute cerebrovascular accident (or ACVA), implying the sudden and serious appearance, encompassing a number of etiologies, without there having been trauma, of a vascular nature, whether ischemic or hemorrhagic. But in this study, we will deal specifically with the ischemic. Stroke is a catastrophic disease, the most frequent and devastating in the world, the most important public health problem to which Neurology deals, and the most frequent reason for neurological hospitalization. The objective of this study was to determine the amount of ischemic stroke in the elderly during 2018 who attended the emergency room at the Esmeraldas Basic Hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic Cerebral Vascular Disease. I also determine the frequency of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease according to age to age, sex, and associated comorbidities. Type of study: An observational, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. Population: Patients seen in the emergency room with a diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, at the Hospital Básico Esmeraldas during the 2018 period who met the inclusion criteria. Methodology: Data were collected from the medical records in the statistics area and from the database of the S400 program of the Iess Básico Esmeraldas Hospital. Materials: The morbidity and mortality rate of elderly patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke who were treated during the mentioned period was evaluated. The variables that were measured were: age, sex, risk factors, (diabetes, arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, Dyslipidemia, tobacco, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle). XV Analysis plan: The analysis was invariable for the descriptive statistics, and bivariate for the analytical statistics of association. Absolute and relative frequencies were used for qualitative variables and quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used. The association was made with odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The number of patients analyzed, frequent age over 60 years, the average of the most frequent complication of ischemic stroke was followed by the least frequent. Conclusion: By conducting this study it was determined that complications related to poorly treated chronic non-communicable diseases, habits, ethnicity
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Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, Encefalopatías, Indicadores de morbimortalidad, Anciano, Hospital IESS Básico Esmeraldas., Cantón Esmeraldas, Ecuador