Manifestaciones clínicas asociadas a transmisión vertical del vih en neonatos
Fecha
2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El virus de inmunodeficiencia humana es un retrovirus que ataca al sistema inmunitario este se enfoca en destruir a los linfocitos (CD4), debilitando progresivamente hasta volverlo inmunodeficiente esto se conoce como Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida el cual es la etapa avanzada de este virus. El VIH puede ser transmitido por mujeres embarazadas infectadas durante el embarazo, el parto, posparto y lactancia materna. Objetivo: Enumerar las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes asociadas a la transmisión del VIH en neonatos registrados en el Hospital León Becerra de Milagro. Diseño: no experimental. Lugar: Hospital León Becerra Camacho de Milagro/ Ecuador. Material bibliográfico: Trabajos de investigación publicados. Métodos: Recolección de información de 72 pacientes a través de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de contacto con y exposición al Virus de Inmunodeficiencia humana y Enfermedad por Virus de Inmunodeficiencia humana. Resultados: las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes fueron las respiratorias (51%) como la tos, sinusitis, dificultad respiratoria estas asociadas a infecciones pulmonares, también encontramos las manifestaciones inespecíficas (37%) siendo las más comunes linfoadenopatía y fiebre persistentes, seguidas de las nutricionales (18%), las gastrointestinales (17%) , las manifestaciones dérmicas y manifestaciones neurológicas (14%) y finalmente las hematológicas (4%) conclusiones: En base al estudio realizado podemos concluir que los pacientes pediátricos que terminaron con pruebas diagnósticas positivas VIH después de los 18 meses fueron de madres que no asistieron a controles prenatales o no estaban al tanto del padecimiento de la enfermedad.
The human immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system that focuses on destroying lymphocytes (CD4) progressively, weakening until it becomes immunodeficient. This is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome which is the advanced stage of this virus. HIV can be transmitted by infected pregnant women during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and breastfeeding. Objective: To list the most common clinical manifestations associated with HIV transmission in newborns registered at the León Becerra de Milagro Hospital. Design: not experimental. Place: León Becerra Camacho Hospital in Milagro / Ecuador. Bibliographic material: Published research papers. Methods: Collection of information from 72 patients through the medical records of patients with a diagnosis and exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease. Results: the most common clinical manifestations were respiratory (51%) such as cough, sinusitis, respiratory difficulty, these associated with lung infections. We also found nonspecific manifestations (37%) being the most common persistent lymphadenopathy and fever. Followed by nutritional (18%), gastrointestinal (17%), dermal and neurological manifestations (14%) and finally hematological (4%). Conclusions: Based on the study carried out, we can conclude that pediatric patients who ended up with positive HIV diagnostic tests after 18 months, were from mothers who did not attend prenatal check-ups or were not aware of the disease.
The human immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system that focuses on destroying lymphocytes (CD4) progressively, weakening until it becomes immunodeficient. This is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome which is the advanced stage of this virus. HIV can be transmitted by infected pregnant women during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and breastfeeding. Objective: To list the most common clinical manifestations associated with HIV transmission in newborns registered at the León Becerra de Milagro Hospital. Design: not experimental. Place: León Becerra Camacho Hospital in Milagro / Ecuador. Bibliographic material: Published research papers. Methods: Collection of information from 72 patients through the medical records of patients with a diagnosis and exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease. Results: the most common clinical manifestations were respiratory (51%) such as cough, sinusitis, respiratory difficulty, these associated with lung infections. We also found nonspecific manifestations (37%) being the most common persistent lymphadenopathy and fever. Followed by nutritional (18%), gastrointestinal (17%), dermal and neurological manifestations (14%) and finally hematological (4%). Conclusions: Based on the study carried out, we can conclude that pediatric patients who ended up with positive HIV diagnostic tests after 18 months, were from mothers who did not attend prenatal check-ups or were not aware of the disease.
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Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Recién nacido, Transmisión vertical de enfermedad infecciosa, Signos y síntomas, Registros médicos, Hospital General Dr. León Becerra Camacho, Cantón Milagro, Ecuador