Manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones posterior a intoxicaciones en pacientes pediátricos
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2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: En el área pediátrica las intoxicaciones poseen un fondo controversial, fuente de discrepancias y reacciones variadas al tratar de encasillar este tema como un problema de alto realce en los diferentes países y sociedades constituyéndose así como un problema a ciegas. Objetivo: Determinar las principales manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones agudas posterior a intoxicaciones en pacientes pediátricos de carácter accidental. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal con una muestra de 119 pacientes de 1 a 10 años ingresados por intoxicaciones accidentales en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante en el periodo 2018 - 2019. Resultados: Los niños de 1 a 2 años fueron el grupo más afectado por intoxicaciones accidentales en el 56,70% con predominancia del sexo masculino en el 67,80%. La vía de intoxicación oral fue la más empleada con un 97,50%. El tipo de tóxico más usado fue los plaguicidas en el 42,90%, siendo el más frecuente de ellos el rodenticida. Las clínica digestiva y nerviosa predominaron teniendo a los vómitos con el 20,10% como la sintomatología más expresada. Sólo el 25,20% desarrollaron complicaciones, de entre ellos las de origen respiratorio como la neumonitis química y la insuficiencia respiratoria que correspondió al 21,7% cada una. Conclusiones: Se identificaron datos de importancia que permiten actualizar las características de la problemática y servir de base a futuros estudios. Palabras clave: Intoxicaciones, pediátrico, accidentales
Introduction: In the pediatric area poisonings have a controversial background, source of discrepancies and varied reactions when trying to typecast this issue as a high-highlighting problem in different countries and societies, as well as a blind problem. Objective: To determine the main clinical manifestations and acute complications following poisoning in pediatric patients of an accidental nature. Method: Quantitative study, nonexperimental, descriptive, retrospective and transversal design with a sample of 119 patients from 1 to 10 years entered by accidental poisonings at the Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante in the period 2018 - 2019. Results: Children from 1 to 2 years of age were the group most affected by accidental poisoning in 56.70% with male predominance at 67.80%. The oral poisoning pathway was the most widely used with 97.50%. The most commonly used type of toxic was pesticides at 42.90%, the most common being rodenticide. Digestive and nerve clinics predominated with vomiting having 20.10% as the most expressed symptomatology. Only 25.20% developed complications, including respiratory complications such as chemical pneumonitis and respiratory failure that corresponded to 21.7% each one. Conclusions: Important data were identified to update the characteristics of the problem and serve as the basis for future studies. Keywords: Poisoning, pediatric, accidental
Introduction: In the pediatric area poisonings have a controversial background, source of discrepancies and varied reactions when trying to typecast this issue as a high-highlighting problem in different countries and societies, as well as a blind problem. Objective: To determine the main clinical manifestations and acute complications following poisoning in pediatric patients of an accidental nature. Method: Quantitative study, nonexperimental, descriptive, retrospective and transversal design with a sample of 119 patients from 1 to 10 years entered by accidental poisonings at the Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante in the period 2018 - 2019. Results: Children from 1 to 2 years of age were the group most affected by accidental poisoning in 56.70% with male predominance at 67.80%. The oral poisoning pathway was the most widely used with 97.50%. The most commonly used type of toxic was pesticides at 42.90%, the most common being rodenticide. Digestive and nerve clinics predominated with vomiting having 20.10% as the most expressed symptomatology. Only 25.20% developed complications, including respiratory complications such as chemical pneumonitis and respiratory failure that corresponded to 21.7% each one. Conclusions: Important data were identified to update the characteristics of the problem and serve as the basis for future studies. Keywords: Poisoning, pediatric, accidental
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Signos y síntomas, Intoxicación, Pediatría, Complicaciones, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador