Manejo odontológico de pacientes hipertensos
Archivos
Fecha
2021-03
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
La hipertensión arterial se puede definir como la elevación anormal, crónica y sostenida de la presión arterial sistémica con niveles de 130-139/80mmHg, es un problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo, es importante que el odontólogo sepa identificar al paciente con esta patología, si es o no adherente al tratamiento, que fármacos usa, las interacciones con los medicamentos de uso odontológico y el manejo de la crisis hipertensiva durante la consulta para poder atender de manera integral a este tipo de pacientes. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir el manejo odontológico de pacientes hipertensos, la metodología se realizó mediante un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo, documental, exploratorio, no experimental, longitudinal, deductivo, inductivo de revisión bibliográfica, los resultados obtenidos fueron que: la hipertensión arterial se presenta en un 20 a 60% de la población adulta de 39-75 años en un 85% sexo masculino, 80% es asintomática y en un 20% presenta sintomatología y daño a órgano blanco, el 90% de los antihipertensivos interactúa con los AINEs y que los simpaticolíticos interactúan con los anestésicos locales, el 95% de estos causan xerostomía, disgeusia e hiperplasia gingival, se recomienda en un 80% el uso de nifedipina para el manejo odontológico de la crisis hipertensiva y colocar al paciente en posición de Trendelemburg en caso de hipotensión ortostática, se concluyó que se pueden realizar todos los procedimientos odontológicos en pacientes hipertensos asintomáticos, bien controlados y sin daño a un órgano blanco.
Hypertension can be defined as the abnormal, chronic and sustained elevation of systemic blood pressure with levels of 130-139 / 80mmHg, it is a public health problem that affects millions of people around the world, it is important that the dentist Know how to identify the patient with this pathology, whether or not he is adherent to the treatment, what drugs he uses, the interactions with the medications for dental use and the management of the hypertensive crisis during the consultation in order to be able to provide comprehensive care to this type of patient. The objective of this research is to describe the dental management of hypertensive patients, the methodology was carried out through a qualitative, descriptive, documentary, exploratory, non-experimental, longitudinal, deductive, inductive approach to bibliographic review, the results obtained were that: arterial hypertension occurs in 20 to 60% of the adult population aged 39-75 years in 85% male, 80% is asymptomatic and in 20% presents symptoms and target organ damage, 90% of antihypertensive drugs interact with NSAIDs and that sympatholytics interact with local anesthetics, 95% of these cause xerostomia, dysgeusia and gingival hyperplasia, the use of nifedipine is recommended in 80% for the dental management of hypertensive crisis and placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position in case of orthostatic hypotension, it was concluded that all dental procedures can be performed in asymptomatic hypertensive patients, well controlled and without damage to a target organ.
Hypertension can be defined as the abnormal, chronic and sustained elevation of systemic blood pressure with levels of 130-139 / 80mmHg, it is a public health problem that affects millions of people around the world, it is important that the dentist Know how to identify the patient with this pathology, whether or not he is adherent to the treatment, what drugs he uses, the interactions with the medications for dental use and the management of the hypertensive crisis during the consultation in order to be able to provide comprehensive care to this type of patient. The objective of this research is to describe the dental management of hypertensive patients, the methodology was carried out through a qualitative, descriptive, documentary, exploratory, non-experimental, longitudinal, deductive, inductive approach to bibliographic review, the results obtained were that: arterial hypertension occurs in 20 to 60% of the adult population aged 39-75 years in 85% male, 80% is asymptomatic and in 20% presents symptoms and target organ damage, 90% of antihypertensive drugs interact with NSAIDs and that sympatholytics interact with local anesthetics, 95% of these cause xerostomia, dysgeusia and gingival hyperplasia, the use of nifedipine is recommended in 80% for the dental management of hypertensive crisis and placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position in case of orthostatic hypotension, it was concluded that all dental procedures can be performed in asymptomatic hypertensive patients, well controlled and without damage to a target organ.
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL, HIPOTENSION, VASOCONSTRICTOR