ADAPTACIÓN TRANSCULTURAL DEL INSTRUMENTO DE DETECCIÓN TEMPRANA DEL TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO DEL AUTISMO M-CHAT R/F PARA POBLACIÓN GUAYAQUILEÑA
Fecha
2020
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil -Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
Resumen
El trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA) se inicia en la infancia. Su detección temprana permitiría una intervención temprana que aproveche su plasticidad neuronal, disminuyendo su sintomatología, y mejorando su inclusión, pronóstico y calidad de vida. Por el momento no existe un marcador biológico que permita su detección precoz, sino que se realiza mediante la confirmación clínica, usando herramientas específicas de detección temprana de TEA. Una de las pruebas con mayor sensibilidad es el M-CHAT R/F. Este instrumento se ha validado y adaptado en diferentes culturas y lenguas, presentando propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias, sin embargo, esta no tiene una adaptación transcultural para la población Guayaquileña.
El objetivo del presente proyecto es adaptar transculturalmente la herramienta de detección temprana del riesgo del trastorno del espectro del autismo M-CHAT R/F en población guayaquileña, mediante un proceso de diferentes etapas que asegure su equivalencia de contenido, semántica, técnica, de criterio y conceptual con la versión original anglosajona.
El proyecto contó con cinco fases. En la primera se compararon las versiones (España-Chile) traducidas al español del M-CHAT R/F, confirmando diferencias en la terminología y expresiones utilizadas. Se consideró necesario que un nativo
5
de Guayaquil traduzca al español directamente desde la herramienta original. En la segunda fase se seleccionó la terminología y redacción adecuada a la población guayaquileña con la ayuda de un grupo de expertos. En la tercera fase se realizó una encuesta a 225 guayaquileños, para que seleccionen entre 4 opciones de redacción de cada ítem, la que consideraran de mayor comprensión para la población de Guayaquil. Coincidentemente, la mayoría de los encuestados optaron por la redacción propuesta por el grupo de expertos para cada ítem de la prueba. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se diseñó una propuesta de versión del M-CHAT R/F adaptada culturalmente a la población guayaquileña, y se analizó el listado para el control de calidad de la traducciónadaptación de los ítems del instrumento. Para constatar la equivalencia de contenido, semántica, técnica y conceptual con la versión original, se tradujo la propuesta adaptada para población guayaquileña al inglés y un grupo de expertos en inglés analizaron su equivalencia con la versión en inglés original del instrumento M - CHAT R/F, comprobando que la herramienta adaptada cumple con todos los criterios de calidad de traducción, adaptación y equivalencia.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) begins in childhood. Its early detection would allow an early intervention that takes advantage of its neuronal plasticity, reducing its symptoms, and improving its inclusion, prognosis and quality of life. At the moment there is no biological marker that allows its early detection, but it is done through clinical confirmation, using specific tools for the early detection of ASD. One of the most sensitive tests is the M-CHAT R / F. This instrument has been validated and adapted in different cultures and languages, presenting satisfactory psychometric properties, however it does not have a cross-cultural adaptation for the Guayaquil population. The objective of this project is to adapt cross-culturally the tool for early detection of the risk of autism spectrum disorder M-CHAT R / F in the Guayaquil population, through a process of different stages that ensures its equivalence of content, semantics, technique, criteria and conceptual with the original version. The project had five phases. In the first, the versions (Spain-Chile) translated into spanish of the M-CHAT R / F were compared, confirming differences in the terminology and expressions used. It was considered necessary that a native of Guayaquil to translate into Spanish directly from the original tool. In the second phase, the terminology and wording appropriate to the Guayaquil population were selected with the help of a group of experts. In the third phase, a survey was carried out on 225 Guayaquil residents, so that they could select among 4 options for writing each item, the one they consider to be the most comprehensible for the 7 population of Guayaquil. Coincidentally, the majority of respondents opted for the wording proposed by the group of experts for each item of the test. Based on the results obtained, a proposed version of the M-CHAT R / F was designed culturally adapted to the Guayaquil population, and the list for the quality control of the translation-adaptation of the instrument items was analyzed. To verify the equivalence of content, semantics, technical and conceptual with the original version, the proposal adapted for the Guayaquil population was translated into english and a group of experts in english analyzed its equivalence with the original english version of the instrument M - CHAT R / F, checking that the adapted tool meets all the translation quality, adaptation and equivalence criteria
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) begins in childhood. Its early detection would allow an early intervention that takes advantage of its neuronal plasticity, reducing its symptoms, and improving its inclusion, prognosis and quality of life. At the moment there is no biological marker that allows its early detection, but it is done through clinical confirmation, using specific tools for the early detection of ASD. One of the most sensitive tests is the M-CHAT R / F. This instrument has been validated and adapted in different cultures and languages, presenting satisfactory psychometric properties, however it does not have a cross-cultural adaptation for the Guayaquil population. The objective of this project is to adapt cross-culturally the tool for early detection of the risk of autism spectrum disorder M-CHAT R / F in the Guayaquil population, through a process of different stages that ensures its equivalence of content, semantics, technique, criteria and conceptual with the original version. The project had five phases. In the first, the versions (Spain-Chile) translated into spanish of the M-CHAT R / F were compared, confirming differences in the terminology and expressions used. It was considered necessary that a native of Guayaquil to translate into Spanish directly from the original tool. In the second phase, the terminology and wording appropriate to the Guayaquil population were selected with the help of a group of experts. In the third phase, a survey was carried out on 225 Guayaquil residents, so that they could select among 4 options for writing each item, the one they consider to be the most comprehensible for the 7 population of Guayaquil. Coincidentally, the majority of respondents opted for the wording proposed by the group of experts for each item of the test. Based on the results obtained, a proposed version of the M-CHAT R / F was designed culturally adapted to the Guayaquil population, and the list for the quality control of the translation-adaptation of the instrument items was analyzed. To verify the equivalence of content, semantics, technical and conceptual with the original version, the proposal adapted for the Guayaquil population was translated into english and a group of experts in english analyzed its equivalence with the original english version of the instrument M - CHAT R / F, checking that the adapted tool meets all the translation quality, adaptation and equivalence criteria
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
Adaptación transcultural, Trastorno del espectro del autismo-M-CHAT R/Detección temprana