Análisis del comportamiento de la oferta y demanda frente al COVID-19 en los mercados municipales del sector norte de la ciudad de Guayaquil, periodo 2019-2020
Fecha
2021-04
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar el comportamiento de oferentes y demandantes de bienes de primera necesidad frente al COVID-19, en los mercados municipales del sector norte de la ciudad de Guayaquil en el periodo 2019-2020. La metodología aplicada es un enfoque cuantitativo, siguiendo los lineamientos de una investigación de campo exploratoria y descriptiva, por lo cual se utilizó como instrumento primordial la encuesta, realizada en sector de estudio, a 200 hogares y 82 caseros entre ellos de abastos, cárnicos y mariscos. Entre los resultados más relevantes, se obtuvo, durante el tiempo de cuarentena, los problemas de abastecimiento de inventarios eran latentes, un 66% de comerciantes cubrían sus inventarios en menos de una semana, y en periodos previos a la pandemia se encontraba en 83%, sin embargo, no sufrieron bajas en sus ingresos. De parte de los consumidores se presentaron problemas de escasez, alza de precios y consecuente a esto un efecto sustitución, dado que ciertos alimentos durante la cuarentena como el pescado, pasó de 14% al 29% en la sección de no disponibilidad, en el arroz el precio aumento en 58% dando paso a la papa como un producto sustituto en un 35% de los compradores. A través de esto se concluye que en tiempos de pandemia las personas comenzaron a demandar más alimentos, repercutiendo en un incremento de reabastecimiento a caseros, y en una pérdida de bienestar para los implicados.
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the behavior of suppliers and demanders of basic necessities in the municipal markets of the northern sector of the city of Guayaquil in the period 2019-2020. The methodology applied is a quantitative approach, following the guidelines of an exploratory and descriptive field research, for which the survey was used as a primary instrument, conducted in the study sector, to 200 households and 82 landlords among them of supplies, meat and seafood. Among the most relevant results, during the quarantine period, inventory supply problems were latent, 66% of traders covered their inventories in less than a week, and in periods prior to the pandemic it was 83%, however, they did not suffer losses in their income. On the part of consumers, there were problems of shortages, price increases and consequently a substitution effect, given that certain foods during the quarantine, such as fish, went from 14% to 29% in the unavailability section, in rice the price increased by 58% giving way to potato as a substitute product in 35% of the buyers. Through this it is concluded that in times of pandemic people began to demand more food, resulting in an increase in resupply to landlords, and in a loss of welfare for those involved.
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the behavior of suppliers and demanders of basic necessities in the municipal markets of the northern sector of the city of Guayaquil in the period 2019-2020. The methodology applied is a quantitative approach, following the guidelines of an exploratory and descriptive field research, for which the survey was used as a primary instrument, conducted in the study sector, to 200 households and 82 landlords among them of supplies, meat and seafood. Among the most relevant results, during the quarantine period, inventory supply problems were latent, 66% of traders covered their inventories in less than a week, and in periods prior to the pandemic it was 83%, however, they did not suffer losses in their income. On the part of consumers, there were problems of shortages, price increases and consequently a substitution effect, given that certain foods during the quarantine, such as fish, went from 14% to 29% in the unavailability section, in rice the price increased by 58% giving way to potato as a substitute product in 35% of the buyers. Through this it is concluded that in times of pandemic people began to demand more food, resulting in an increase in resupply to landlords, and in a loss of welfare for those involved.
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Palabras clave
OFERTA, MERCADO, DEMANDA