Evaluación de los procesos de tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas para la reducción de contaminantes orgánicos emergentes
Fecha
2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
Los contaminantes emergentes (CEs) son sustancias químicas que aparecen cada vez más en el medio ambiente, cuyas consecuencias de su existencia conducen a su persistencia y bioacumulación, pudiendo repercutir negativamente en la salud y en el entorno. El presente trabajo de investigación intenta dar una visión general sobre la problemática actual en la presencia de estos grupos de compuestos en aguas residuales urbanas; los cuales comprenden por su categoría: productos farmacéuticos, pesticidas, drogas de abuso, disruptores endocrinos, agentes industriales y edulcorantes artificiales, entre otros.
Trabajos preliminares han demostrado que las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales convencionales no eliminan eficazmente todos estos compuestos orgánicos. Y en tal sentido, este estudio, además, permite comprobar la eficiencia de eliminación de los procesos de tratamiento a partir del análisis de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas.
Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se evaluaron 17 procesos de tratamiento, clasificados en tratamientos fisicoquímicos, biológicos y, químicos mediante oxidación avanzada; con una cobertura de 126 contaminantes emergentes estudiados por al menos uno de los diferentes tratamientos para su retención y eliminación. Los resultados de este trabajo han evidenciado una mayor eficiencia de eliminación para los procesos de oxidación avanzada, siendo esta una técnica eficaz y prometedora en la eliminación de los CEs. Sin embargo, se destaca que la factibilidad de combinación de tratamientos favorece la retención de contaminantes tratados para su eliminación.
Emerging pollutants (ECs) are chemical substances that appear more and more in the environment, whose consequences of their existence lead to their persistence and bioaccumulation, which may have a negative impact on health and the environment. The present research work tries to give a general vision about the current problem in the presence of these groups of compounds in urban wastewater; which include by category: pharmaceuticals, pesticides, drugs of abuse, endocrine disruptors, industrial agents and artificial sweeteners, among others. Preliminary work has shown that conventional wastewater treatment plants do not effectively remove all these organic compounds. And in this sense, this study also allows to verify the efficiency of elimination of the treatment processes from the analysis of different bibliographic sources. For the development of this research, 17 treatment processes were evaluated, classified as physicochemical, biological and chemical treatments by advanced oxidation; with a coverage of 126 emerging pollutants studied by at least one of the different treatments for their retention and elimination. The results of this work have shown a higher removal efficiency for advanced oxidation processes, this being an effective and promising technique in the removal of CEs. However, it is highlighted that the feasibility of combining treatments favors the retention of contaminants treated for their elimination.
Emerging pollutants (ECs) are chemical substances that appear more and more in the environment, whose consequences of their existence lead to their persistence and bioaccumulation, which may have a negative impact on health and the environment. The present research work tries to give a general vision about the current problem in the presence of these groups of compounds in urban wastewater; which include by category: pharmaceuticals, pesticides, drugs of abuse, endocrine disruptors, industrial agents and artificial sweeteners, among others. Preliminary work has shown that conventional wastewater treatment plants do not effectively remove all these organic compounds. And in this sense, this study also allows to verify the efficiency of elimination of the treatment processes from the analysis of different bibliographic sources. For the development of this research, 17 treatment processes were evaluated, classified as physicochemical, biological and chemical treatments by advanced oxidation; with a coverage of 126 emerging pollutants studied by at least one of the different treatments for their retention and elimination. The results of this work have shown a higher removal efficiency for advanced oxidation processes, this being an effective and promising technique in the removal of CEs. However, it is highlighted that the feasibility of combining treatments favors the retention of contaminants treated for their elimination.
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CONTAMINANTES EMERGENTES, AGUAS RESIDUALES, MEDIO AMBIENTE