Análisis de los oligopolios y su incidencia en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los emprendimientos en Ecuador. Periodo 2010 – 2020.
Fecha
2021-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los oligopolios en el Ecuador y su incidencia en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los emprendimientos durante el periodo 2010-2020. La metodología corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo, modalidad documental, alcance explicativo, inferencia inductivo-deductiva y corte longitudinal; se estimaron los índices de concentración IHH, Cr4 y Lerner, además del procesamiento de información estadística sobre emprendimientos y entrevistas a expertos. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de concentración en los sectores Supermercados, Almacenes de ropa, Lácteos, Cementos, Ventas al por mayor y menor de bicicletas y repuestos es alto; Suministros de oficina es moderadamente concentrado, Farmacéutico es competitivo y Ventas al por mayor y menor de llantas y repuestos automotrices es bajo. Por otro lado, los emprendimientos ecuatorianos presentan una TEA elevada, sin embargo, el porcentaje de emprendimientos establecidos es bajo, pues gran parte de ellos se quedan en la intención de emprender, ya que se enfrentan a diversos problemas como la excesiva tramitología y el tiempo que conlleva el proceso de formalización, dificultades para obtener financiamiento, limitada base tecnológica, escasa innovación en sus productos, entre otros. Se concluye que los sectores económicos analizados poseen características de estructuras de mercado oligopólicas, de manera que influyen en la reducción del espacio de competencia disponible para los emprendimientos; esto, junto a emprender por necesidad y no por oportunidad, además de la alta tasa de cierre, constituye factores que influyen negativamente en su crecimiento y desarrollo.
The objective of this research was to analyze the oligopolies in Ecuador and their impact on the growth and development of entrepreneurships during the 2010-2020 period. The methodology corresponds to the quantitative approach, documentary modality, explanatory scope, inductive-deductive inference and longitudinal section; The IHH, Cr4 and Lerner concentration indices were estimated, in addition to the processing of statistical information on entrepreneurships and interviews with experts. The results show that the level of concentration in the sectors of Supermarkets, Clothing Stores, Dairy, Cement, Wholesale and retail of bicycles and spare parts is high; Office supplies are moderately concentrated, pharmaceuticals are competitive, and wholesale and retail of tires and auto parts is low. On the other hand, Ecuadorian entrepreneurships present a high TEA, however, the percentage of established entrepreneurships is low, since a large part of them remain in the intention to undertake, since they face various problems such as excessive procedures and the time that entails formalization. process, difficulties in obtaining financing, limited technological base, little innovation in its products, among others. It is concluded that the economic sectors analyzed have characteristics of oligopolistic market structures, in such a way that they influence the reduction of the competition space available to entrepreneurships; This, together with undertaking out of necessity and not out of opportunity, in addition to the high closure rate, constitute factors that negatively influence their growth and development.
The objective of this research was to analyze the oligopolies in Ecuador and their impact on the growth and development of entrepreneurships during the 2010-2020 period. The methodology corresponds to the quantitative approach, documentary modality, explanatory scope, inductive-deductive inference and longitudinal section; The IHH, Cr4 and Lerner concentration indices were estimated, in addition to the processing of statistical information on entrepreneurships and interviews with experts. The results show that the level of concentration in the sectors of Supermarkets, Clothing Stores, Dairy, Cement, Wholesale and retail of bicycles and spare parts is high; Office supplies are moderately concentrated, pharmaceuticals are competitive, and wholesale and retail of tires and auto parts is low. On the other hand, Ecuadorian entrepreneurships present a high TEA, however, the percentage of established entrepreneurships is low, since a large part of them remain in the intention to undertake, since they face various problems such as excessive procedures and the time that entails formalization. process, difficulties in obtaining financing, limited technological base, little innovation in its products, among others. It is concluded that the economic sectors analyzed have characteristics of oligopolistic market structures, in such a way that they influence the reduction of the competition space available to entrepreneurships; This, together with undertaking out of necessity and not out of opportunity, in addition to the high closure rate, constitute factors that negatively influence their growth and development.
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Palabras clave
EMPRENDIMIENTO, OLIGOPOLIO, CRECIMIENTO, DESARROLLO
Citación
APA