Análisis de impactos ambientales generados por desechos y aguas residuales del área de planta de balanceados en Grasas Unicol S.A.
Fecha
2008-04-04
Autores
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial.
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio es: Evaluar los impactos ambientales que
genera la descarga de efluentes y desechos en la producción de
balanceado, en el Fideicomiso Mercantil Grasas Unicol S.A. con el
propósito de mitigarlos y controlarlos. Para el efecto, se analizan los
procesos productivos en la planta de balanceados, para determinar el nivel
de contaminación generado en los procesos allí efectuados, para ello se
toma como fuente la información de registros empresariales y
metodologías de campo, como por ejemplo, cuestionario de Buenos
Hábitos de Manufactura y test evaluativos del personal que trabaja en el
área referida; luego, bajo el uso del diagrama de Ishikawa y de Pareto, se
ha cualificado y cuantificado los principales problemas identificados,
encontrados en los sistemas de refrigeración industrial y caldero, producto
de la emisión gases tóxicos que afectan la calidad del aire, así como las
descargas de aguas residuales donde se detectó exceso de material
particulado. Las sanciones que esto conllevaría, ascenderían a la cantidad
de $4.068,60, de no remediarse las problemáticas. La propuesta para
mitigar los impactos ambientales, consiste en la aplicación de la
metodología de Producción Más Limpia (PML), para lo cual se debe
implementar sistemas de refrigeración y filtrado de motores, que no
contaminen el medioambiente, así como adquirir colectores de polvo y
equipo de protección personal adecuado para evitar la contaminación del
agua y aire, protegiendo al recurso humano. La inversión asciende a
$9.227,48 correspondiendo $7.759,50 a la inversión fija y $1.467,98 al
capital de operación anual. La inversión se recupera en 5 años, tiempo
inferior a la vida útil de la propuesta de 10 años, generando $12.041,49 por
Valor Actual Neto y 25,78% por Tasa Interna de Retorno, superior al 12%
de la tasa de descuento con que se compara dicha inversión, indicando
factibilidad económica para aplicar la propuesta planteada.
The objective of the study is: Evaluate the environmental impacts that generates the discharge of effluents and wastes in the production of balanced, in the Fideicomiso Mercantil Grasas Unicol S.A. with the purpose of mitigating and controlling them. For this purpose, the productive processes in the balance plant, to determine the level of contamination generated in the processes carried out there, for this purpose takes as source information from business records and field methodologies, such as the Good News questionnaire Manufacturing Habits and evaluative tests of the personnel working in the referred area; then, under the use of the Ishikawa and Pareto diagram, has qualified and quantified the main problems identified, found in boiler and industrial refrigeration systems, product of the emission of toxic gases that affect air quality, as well as wastewater discharges where excess material was detected particulate. The penalties that this would entail, would amount to the amount of $ 4,068.60, if the problems are not remedied. The proposal for mitigate environmental impacts, consists of the application of Cleaner Production (PML) methodology, for which it is necessary to implement engine cooling and filtering systems, which do not pollute the environment, as well as purchase dust collectors and appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent contamination of the water and air, protecting human resources. The investment amounts to $ 9,227.48 corresponding to $ 7,759.50 to the fixed investment and $ 1,467.98 to the annual operating capital. The investment is recovered in 5 years, time less than the useful life of the proposal of 10 years, generating $ 12,041.49 per Net Present Value and 25.78% for Internal Rate of Return, higher than 12% of the discount rate with which said investment is compared, indicating economic feasibility to apply the proposed proposal.
The objective of the study is: Evaluate the environmental impacts that generates the discharge of effluents and wastes in the production of balanced, in the Fideicomiso Mercantil Grasas Unicol S.A. with the purpose of mitigating and controlling them. For this purpose, the productive processes in the balance plant, to determine the level of contamination generated in the processes carried out there, for this purpose takes as source information from business records and field methodologies, such as the Good News questionnaire Manufacturing Habits and evaluative tests of the personnel working in the referred area; then, under the use of the Ishikawa and Pareto diagram, has qualified and quantified the main problems identified, found in boiler and industrial refrigeration systems, product of the emission of toxic gases that affect air quality, as well as wastewater discharges where excess material was detected particulate. The penalties that this would entail, would amount to the amount of $ 4,068.60, if the problems are not remedied. The proposal for mitigate environmental impacts, consists of the application of Cleaner Production (PML) methodology, for which it is necessary to implement engine cooling and filtering systems, which do not pollute the environment, as well as purchase dust collectors and appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent contamination of the water and air, protecting human resources. The investment amounts to $ 9,227.48 corresponding to $ 7,759.50 to the fixed investment and $ 1,467.98 to the annual operating capital. The investment is recovered in 5 years, time less than the useful life of the proposal of 10 years, generating $ 12,041.49 per Net Present Value and 25.78% for Internal Rate of Return, higher than 12% of the discount rate with which said investment is compared, indicating economic feasibility to apply the proposed proposal.
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Palabras clave
SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE GESTIÓN, IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES, GASES TÓXICOS, PRODUCCIÓN MÁS LIMPIA