Reacciones adversas ocasionadas por tramadol inyectable en pacientes hospitalizados
Fecha
2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
El tramadol es un fármaco analgésico empelado en el manejo de dolores moderados o intensos que derivan frecuentemente de situaciones postoperatorias; a pesar de su importancia, tienden a generar efectos que afectan la calidad de vida del paciente. Debido a esto, la presente investigación se ejecuta con el objetivo de identificar las reacciones adversas medicamentosas, ocasionadas por administración de Tramadol IV en pacientes hospitalizados en el área de medicina interna del Hospital General Martín Icaza de la ciudad de Babahoyo, período de junio-diciembre 2019. La metodología del estudio implica un enfoque mixto, modalidad descriptiva, retrospectiva, de tipo no experimental y transversal. Las técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos utilizados corresponden a la revisión documental y el análisis de historia clínicas de una población conformada por 286 pacientes, de los cuales, 52 presentaron efectos adversos por tramadol, destacando la cefalea (42.3%), náuseas (30.8%), dolor abdominal (7.7%), constipación y visión borrosa (3.8%), rash, sequedad de boca y vértigo (1.9%). El grupo etario más afectado apunta a los pacientes entre 56-65 años; en cuanto al sexo, las mujeres representan el
10.5% de los casos. El sexo femenino presentó un total de ocho reacciones adversas por tramadol inyectable, en tanto que, en los hombres, se identificó un total de cinco efectos secundarios. En conclusión, el reconocimiento de las RAM por tramadol y un adecuado monitoreo de las mismas cuentan con la probabilidad de minimizar los efectos no deseados en los pacientes.
Tramadol is an analgesic drug used in the management of moderate or intense pain that usually derives from postoperative situations; Despite its importance, those situations generate effects that see the quality of life of the patient. Due to this, this research is carried out with the objective of identifying adverse reactions (ADRs) caused by the administration of IV Tramadol in hospitalized patients in the internal medicine area of the General Hospital Martín Icaza in the city of Babahoyo, during the period of June-December 2019. This study´s methodology implies a mixed approach, descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental and cross-sectional modality. The data collection techniques and instruments used correspond to the documentary review and the analysis of the medical history of a population made up of 286 patients, of which 52 presented adverse effects from tramadol, highlighting headache (42.3%), nausea (30.8%), abdominal pain (7.7%), constipation and blurred vision (3.8%), skin rash, dry mouth and vertigo (1.9%). The most affected age group was those whose patients were between 56-65 years old; Regarding sex, women represent 10.5% of the cases. The female sex presented a total of eight adverse reactions due to injectable tramadol, while, in the men, a total of five side effects were identified. In conclusion, the recognition of ADRs by tramadol and adequate monitoring of them has the probability of minimizing unwanted effects in patients.
Tramadol is an analgesic drug used in the management of moderate or intense pain that usually derives from postoperative situations; Despite its importance, those situations generate effects that see the quality of life of the patient. Due to this, this research is carried out with the objective of identifying adverse reactions (ADRs) caused by the administration of IV Tramadol in hospitalized patients in the internal medicine area of the General Hospital Martín Icaza in the city of Babahoyo, during the period of June-December 2019. This study´s methodology implies a mixed approach, descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental and cross-sectional modality. The data collection techniques and instruments used correspond to the documentary review and the analysis of the medical history of a population made up of 286 patients, of which 52 presented adverse effects from tramadol, highlighting headache (42.3%), nausea (30.8%), abdominal pain (7.7%), constipation and blurred vision (3.8%), skin rash, dry mouth and vertigo (1.9%). The most affected age group was those whose patients were between 56-65 years old; Regarding sex, women represent 10.5% of the cases. The female sex presented a total of eight adverse reactions due to injectable tramadol, while, in the men, a total of five side effects were identified. In conclusion, the recognition of ADRs by tramadol and adequate monitoring of them has the probability of minimizing unwanted effects in patients.
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REACCIONES ADVERSAS, TRAMADOL INYECTABLE, PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS, NÁUSEAS