Evaluación del uso de antibióticos en unidad de cuidados intensivos del HGM en pacientes con diagnóstico covid-19
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
Los pacientes con diagnóstico Covid-19 que terminan en la UCI presentan una mayor probabilidad de estar expuestos a infecciones bacterianas secundarias, las mismas que se adquieren de forma endógena y exógena, demandando el uso de antibióticos para su confrontación. Bajo esta perspectiva, el objetivo general del presente estudio radica en evaluar el uso de antibióticos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del HGM en pacientes con diagnóstico Covid-19. La metodología implica un enfoque de investigación mixto, modalidad retrospectiva y observacional analítica, de tipo descriptivo, transversal y no experimental. Las técnicas e instrumentos de investigación empleados corresponden a una base de datos conformada por 33 pacientes y la revisión documental; dentro de los resultados obtenidos, se identificó que la mayor parte de pacientes son hombres con una edad entre 61 a 89 años, donde el 54.5% logró percibir el alta médica. En el área de estudio se identificó la presencia de 12 medicamentos que fueron: TZP y MEM (42.4% de uso); LNZ y VAN (27.3%); CRO, LVX y COL (24.2%); AMK (21.2%); VCZ, IPM y SAM (9.1%) y TGC con el 6.1%. A nivel general, se identificaron 8 categorías de reacciones adversas a medicamentos, donde los trastornos generales y alteraciones en el lugar de administración se presentaron en todos los antibióticos, destacando como efecto principal la pirexia. Por otro lado, se encuentran los trastornos de la piel (75%), cuyos efectos principales corresponden al prurito y la urticaria generados por los medicamentos CRO, LVX, COL, AMK, TZP, IPM, VAN, SAM y MEM.
Patients with a diagnosis of Covid-19 who end up in the ICU are more likely to be exposed to secondary bacterial infections, which are acquired endogenously and exogenously, requiring the use of antibiotics for their confrontation. From this perspective, the general objective of this study is to evaluate the use of antibiotics in the intensive care unit of the HGM in patients with a diagnosis of Covid-19. The methodology involves a mixed research approach, retrospective and analytical observational modality, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental. The research techniques and instruments used correspond to a database made up of 33 patients and the documentary review; Within the results obtained, it was identified that most of the patients are men with an age between 61 and 89 years, where 54.5% managed to perceive the medical discharge. In the study area, the presence of 12 drugs was identified, which were: TZP and MEM (42.4% of use); LNZ and VAN (27.3%); CRO, LVX and COL (24.2%); AMK (21.2%); VCZ, IPM and SAM (9.1%) and TGC with 6.1%. At a general level, 8 categories of adverse drug reactions were identified, where general disorders and alterations at the administration site were present in all antibiotics, with pyrexia being the main effect. On the other hand, there are skin disorders (75%), whose main effects correspond to itching and urticaria generated by the drugs CRO, LVX, COL, AMK, TZP, IPM, VAN, SAM and MEM.
Patients with a diagnosis of Covid-19 who end up in the ICU are more likely to be exposed to secondary bacterial infections, which are acquired endogenously and exogenously, requiring the use of antibiotics for their confrontation. From this perspective, the general objective of this study is to evaluate the use of antibiotics in the intensive care unit of the HGM in patients with a diagnosis of Covid-19. The methodology involves a mixed research approach, retrospective and analytical observational modality, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental. The research techniques and instruments used correspond to a database made up of 33 patients and the documentary review; Within the results obtained, it was identified that most of the patients are men with an age between 61 and 89 years, where 54.5% managed to perceive the medical discharge. In the study area, the presence of 12 drugs was identified, which were: TZP and MEM (42.4% of use); LNZ and VAN (27.3%); CRO, LVX and COL (24.2%); AMK (21.2%); VCZ, IPM and SAM (9.1%) and TGC with 6.1%. At a general level, 8 categories of adverse drug reactions were identified, where general disorders and alterations at the administration site were present in all antibiotics, with pyrexia being the main effect. On the other hand, there are skin disorders (75%), whose main effects correspond to itching and urticaria generated by the drugs CRO, LVX, COL, AMK, TZP, IPM, VAN, SAM and MEM.
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ANTIBIÓTICOS, UNIDAD DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS, COVID-19, SEGURIDAD, EFICACIA