"Evaluación de alternativas para el manejo integrado del tizón temprano Alternaría solani Sor en el cultivo tomate Lycopersicon esculentum mill"
Fecha
2014-04-25
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El cultivo de tomate es afectado por varios microorganismos que causan daños irreversibles en el mismo, entre ellos los patógenos foliares como Alternaría solani para el manejo los productores utilizan productos químicos cuyos efectos repercuten en la salud de las personas y del ecosistema. En la naturaleza existen agentes biocontroladores eficaces y principios de plantas que reducen el inòculo del patógeno. El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en la Estación Experimental Litoral Sur, del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuarias (INIAP) con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad biológica de Trichoderma asperellum y extractos vegetales para el manejo integrado de A. solani. Se utilizaron seis tratamientos de los cuales se incluyó un antagonista (Trichoderma asperellum), tres extractos vegetales (marigold, noni, neem), un fungicida químico y un testigo absoluto. Estos tratamientos fueron aplicados cada cinco días lo que totalizo 20 aplicaciones por ciclo del cultivo. Los porcentajes promedios de foliolos infectados por A. solani durante cinco evaluaciones, muestran que el menor valor lo presentó el tratamiento extracto de noni con 1,52 y fue estadìsticamente diferente de los demás tratamientos; seguido T. asperellum con 2,24%; el tratamiento de mayor valor fue Neem X con 3,05% estadìsticamente diferente de los demás; los promedios de rendimiento; fueron significativos; el tratamiento extracto de frutos de noni el de mayor rendimiento con 626kg/ha de frutos sanos y el tratamiento extracto de marigold fue el que tuvo un rendimiento más de frutos sanos con 540kg/ha, estadìsticamente diferente de los demás. Porcentaje de incidencia de plantas infectadas por A. solani durante seis semanas muestran que en todos los tratamientos hubo menos de una planta enferma. Los promedios generales indican que no hubo diferencia significativas entre tratamientos. Los promedios generales de severidad de A. solani durante seis semanas de evaluación . Los tratamientos extracto de marigold y fungicidas tuvieron los promedios más altos con 0,7 de severidad; el tratamiento extracto de noni tuvo el valor más bajo 0.4 de severidad, todos ellos fueron no significativos.
The tomato crop is affected by various microorganisms that cause irreversible damage to the same, including the plant pathogens such as Alternaria solani for managing producers use chemicals whose effects the health of people and the ecosystem. In nature there are effective biocontrol agents and plant active ingredients that reduce pathogen inoculum. This research was conducted at the experimental station south coast, the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP) in order to evaluate the biological effectiveness of Trichoderma asperellum and plant extracts for the integrated management of A. solani. Six treatments of which an antagonist (Trichoderma asperellum), three plant extracts (marigold, noni, neem), a chemical fungicide and included absolute control were used. These treatments were applied every five days, which had 20 applications percrop cycle. The average percentages of leaflets infected with A. solani five evaluations show that the lowest value is presented to extract noni treatment wth 1.52 and was statistically different from other treatments; Were significant; being the noni fruit extract the highest performance treatment with 626 kg/ ha of healthy fruit and marigold extract tratment was the one with lowest yield healthy fruit with 540 kg ha, statistically different from the others. Percent incidence of A. solani infected plants for six weeks showed that all treatments were less of a diseased plant. The general averages of A.solani severity assessment for six weeks. The marigold extract and fungicide had the lowest value 0.4 of severity, all of them were not significant.
The tomato crop is affected by various microorganisms that cause irreversible damage to the same, including the plant pathogens such as Alternaria solani for managing producers use chemicals whose effects the health of people and the ecosystem. In nature there are effective biocontrol agents and plant active ingredients that reduce pathogen inoculum. This research was conducted at the experimental station south coast, the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP) in order to evaluate the biological effectiveness of Trichoderma asperellum and plant extracts for the integrated management of A. solani. Six treatments of which an antagonist (Trichoderma asperellum), three plant extracts (marigold, noni, neem), a chemical fungicide and included absolute control were used. These treatments were applied every five days, which had 20 applications percrop cycle. The average percentages of leaflets infected with A. solani five evaluations show that the lowest value is presented to extract noni treatment wth 1.52 and was statistically different from other treatments; Were significant; being the noni fruit extract the highest performance treatment with 626 kg/ ha of healthy fruit and marigold extract tratment was the one with lowest yield healthy fruit with 540 kg ha, statistically different from the others. Percent incidence of A. solani infected plants for six weeks showed that all treatments were less of a diseased plant. The general averages of A.solani severity assessment for six weeks. The marigold extract and fungicide had the lowest value 0.4 of severity, all of them were not significant.
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Palabras clave
A. SOLANI, AGENTES BIOCONTROLADORES, EXTRACTOS VEGETALES, EFECTIVIDAD BIOLOGICA
Citación
Enriquez Moreno, Cristina Lizeth(2014): Evaluación de alternativas para el manejo integrado del tizón temprano (alternaría solani Sor) en el cultivo tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)