Estudio de los factores psicosociales y ergonómicos y su relación con las patologías visuales en trabajadores administrativos de una empresa de venta de electrodomésticos.
Fecha
2021-12-27
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
Los riesgos relacionados al uso de pantallas de visualización de datos son riesgos
provocan muchas patologías visuales, musculoesqueléticas y cognitivas que se
presentan y se desarrollan a largo plazo, y no es fácil identificarlos con facilidad.
En este estudio se ha tomado como muestra a 51 colaboradores administrativos de
una empresa de electrodomésticos que, por sus actividades y trabajo frente a un
computador, son considerados usuarios de PVD “Pantallas de visualización de
datos” (INSST, 2021). Como objetivo de nuestro estudio se busca analizar las
consecuencias del personal expuesto a PVD, mediante la utilización de datos de
programas de control y prevención de riesgos laborales para relacionar las
incidencias que tienen dichos riesgos con el incremento de las patologías visuales.
La metodología utilizada para la recopilación de la información fue de enfoque
cuantitativo mediante estudios longitudinales haciendo uso de encuestas en el caso
de ergonomía en el uso de PVDs y de riesgos psicosociales. Las evaluaciones
optométricas fueron realizadas en la empresa de electrodomésticos por un
prestador de servicios externo. Los estudios optométricos se realizaron en los años
2016, 2018 y 2021, los estudios psicosociales en los años 2019, 2020 y 2021 y una
evaluación ergonómica en el uso de PVDs del año 2019. De los resultados de las
evaluaciones antes mencionadas se sacaron conclusiones individuales y de esta
forma se relacionaron los resultados y se definieron que dichos factores son
influyentes en el incremento de patologías visuales.
The risks related to the use of data display screens are risks cause many visual pathologies, musculoskeletal and cognitive disorders that occur and develop over the long term, so it is not easy to identify them. This study has monitored 51 administrative collaborators of an appliance company who by their activities and work in front of a computer screen are considered as staff who make use of Display Screens (VDSs) (INSST, 2021). There is no pre planned study of the new jobs being created and this influences problems that lead to factors that increase exposure or non- compliance with safety provisions in the proper use of VDSs. The objective of our study is to analyze the consequences of personnel exposed to VDS, by using data from programs for the control and prevention of occupational risks to link the occurrences of such risks with the increase in visual pathologies. The methodology used for the collection of information was a quantitative approach through longitudinal studies using surveys in the case of ergonomics in the use of VDSs and psychosocial risks. The optometry evaluations were carried out in the household appliance company by an external service provider. The optometry studies were carried out in 2016, 2018 and 2021, the psychosocial studies in 2019, 2020 and 2021 and an ergonomic evaluation in the use of VDSs in 2019. From the results of the aforementioned evaluations, individual conclusions were drawn and in this way the results were related and it was defined that these factors are influential in the increase of visual pathologies.
The risks related to the use of data display screens are risks cause many visual pathologies, musculoskeletal and cognitive disorders that occur and develop over the long term, so it is not easy to identify them. This study has monitored 51 administrative collaborators of an appliance company who by their activities and work in front of a computer screen are considered as staff who make use of Display Screens (VDSs) (INSST, 2021). There is no pre planned study of the new jobs being created and this influences problems that lead to factors that increase exposure or non- compliance with safety provisions in the proper use of VDSs. The objective of our study is to analyze the consequences of personnel exposed to VDS, by using data from programs for the control and prevention of occupational risks to link the occurrences of such risks with the increase in visual pathologies. The methodology used for the collection of information was a quantitative approach through longitudinal studies using surveys in the case of ergonomics in the use of VDSs and psychosocial risks. The optometry evaluations were carried out in the household appliance company by an external service provider. The optometry studies were carried out in 2016, 2018 and 2021, the psychosocial studies in 2019, 2020 and 2021 and an ergonomic evaluation in the use of VDSs in 2019. From the results of the aforementioned evaluations, individual conclusions were drawn and in this way the results were related and it was defined that these factors are influential in the increase of visual pathologies.
Descripción
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, SALUD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL, FACTORES PSICOSOCIALES, PATOLOGÍAS VISUALES, VENTA DE ELECTRODOMÉSTICOS