El covid 19 y su impacto en el comercio internacional del ecuador durante el periodo 2020 2021
Fecha
2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas
Resumen
La crisis sanitaria mundial efecto por la pandemia COVID-19 declarada el 11 de marzo del 2020, presento un gran reto para todos los países desarrollados y países en vías de desarrollo entre ellos Ecuador, en donde se puso a prueba los sistemas de salud, donde se profundiza los problemas económicos y sociales. Para el Ecuador el comercio internacional es una fuente de mejora que está en el proceso para el bienestar de las economías en donde deben especializarse y aprovechar los beneficios que nos van a brindar. Un ejemplo claro es que el Ecuador es un país en donde no se produce bienes que provienen de los metales por la cual se los debe importar. Por tal razón dicha aplicación de medidas restrictivas al libre ingreso de insumos importados en una economía como el Ecuador afecta considerablemente al crecimiento del sector importador y/o productor de otros bienes que se benefician de la importación con este tipo de bienes y ese es el caso en la aplicación de salvaguardas arancelarias.
La investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar los efectos que la crisis sanitaria causo debido al COVID-19 en el desarrollo de las actividades de comercio exterior del Ecuador. Para esta investigación se utilizó una herramienta tipo cualitativa en la cual estudiamos análisis de datos con relación a los efectos del COVID-19 en las actividades de comercio internacional. En la cual los datos cuantificables que se hacen en base a referencias de la investigación son para determinar el problema. Por lo tanto, es importante hacer énfasis en la influencia que tiene el comercio exterior en la economía ecuatoriana, en donde el efecto de la suspensión de las actividades productivas y la incertidumbre internacional de los principales socios comerciales del Ecuador han sido factores determinantes en la magnitud de afectación en la balanza comercial y en el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) del país.
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La contracción del volumen del comercio exterior ecuatoriano fue causada desde marzo del año 2020 cuando China cerró temporalmente sus fronteras lo cual provocó la suspensión de exportaciones de insumos y otros productos (semi procesados-procesados) obligando a la paralización de actividades de sus principales proveedores del continente americano.La pandemia del COVID-19 tuvo un efecto negativo en la economía ecuatoriana por las exportaciones de bienes y servicios cayeron de una forma significativa, donde se visualiza el impacto que tuvo la pandemia en el ámbito internacional, donde algunos productos ecuatorianos tuvieron un desempeño positivo en sus ventas.
Cabe destacar que las empresas ecuatorianas se vieron en la obligación de dinamizar sus actividades para mantener un nivel competitivo frente a empresas de otros países entre esos están el, desarrollar programas electrónicos que les permitan manejar sus actividades de producción y comercio a través de herramientas de internet (redes sociales, páginas web entre otras).Las actividades de comercio exterior también se vieron afectadas por la caída significativa de precios de los principales productos tradicionales y no tradicionales como son petróleo, camarón, banano, cacao, café, atún y otras frutas tropicales, resultado de las medidas de confinamiento por presencia del COVID-19. Sin embargo, la economía interna de las empresas ecuatorianas ha ido mejorando progresivamente con indicadores alentadores de coyuntura que muestran la mejoría de la economía a través de la reactivación paulatina de los procesos productivos, reflejado en el nivel de ventas hacia los mercados internacionales.
The global sanitary crisis effect by the pandemic COVID-19 declared on March 11, 2020, presents a challenge for all developed and emerging countries including Ecuador, where health systems are put to the test, where economic and social problems are deepened. For Ecuador, the international trade is a source of improvement that is in the process for the welfare of the economies where they must specialize and take advantage of the benefits that will bring us. A clear example is that Ecuador is a country that does not produce goods that come from metals and must import them. For this reason, the application of restrictive measures to the free entry of imported inputs in an economy like Ecuador considerably affects the growth of the importing sector and/or producers of other goods that benefit from the importation of this type of goods and this is the case in the application of tariff safeguards. The main objective of this research is to determine the effects of the sanitary crisis caused by COVID-19 on the development of Ecuador's foreign trade activities. For this research we used a qualitative tool in which we studied data analysis in relation to the effects of COVID-19 on international trade activities. In which quantifiable data based on research references are used to determine the problem. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the influence that foreign trade has on the Ecuadorian economy, where the effect of the suspension of productive activities and the international uncertainty of Ecuador's main trading partners have been determining factors in the magnitude of the effect on the trade balance and the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The contraction of Ecuador's foreign trade volume was caused since March 2020 when China temporarily closed its borders, which caused the suspension of exports of inputs and other products (semi-processed), forcing the stoppage of activities of its main suppliers in the American continent. Página 17 The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the Ecuadorian economy since exports of goods and services decreased significantly; however, despite the impact of the pandemic in the international context, some Ecuadorian products had a positive performance in their sales. It should be noted that Ecuadorian companies were forced to streamline their activities in order to maintain a competitive level compared to companies from other countries, including the development of electronic programs that allow them to manage their production and trade activities through Internet tools (social networks, web pages, etc.). Foreign trade activities were also affected by the significant drop in prices of the main traditional and non-traditional products such as oil, shrimp, bananas, cocoa, coffee, tuna and other tropical fruits, as a result of the COVID-19 confinement measures. However, the internal economy of Ecuadorian companies has been improving progressively with encouraging indicators that show the improvement of the economy through the gradual reactivation of the productive processes, reflected in the level of sales to international marke .
The global sanitary crisis effect by the pandemic COVID-19 declared on March 11, 2020, presents a challenge for all developed and emerging countries including Ecuador, where health systems are put to the test, where economic and social problems are deepened. For Ecuador, the international trade is a source of improvement that is in the process for the welfare of the economies where they must specialize and take advantage of the benefits that will bring us. A clear example is that Ecuador is a country that does not produce goods that come from metals and must import them. For this reason, the application of restrictive measures to the free entry of imported inputs in an economy like Ecuador considerably affects the growth of the importing sector and/or producers of other goods that benefit from the importation of this type of goods and this is the case in the application of tariff safeguards. The main objective of this research is to determine the effects of the sanitary crisis caused by COVID-19 on the development of Ecuador's foreign trade activities. For this research we used a qualitative tool in which we studied data analysis in relation to the effects of COVID-19 on international trade activities. In which quantifiable data based on research references are used to determine the problem. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the influence that foreign trade has on the Ecuadorian economy, where the effect of the suspension of productive activities and the international uncertainty of Ecuador's main trading partners have been determining factors in the magnitude of the effect on the trade balance and the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The contraction of Ecuador's foreign trade volume was caused since March 2020 when China temporarily closed its borders, which caused the suspension of exports of inputs and other products (semi-processed), forcing the stoppage of activities of its main suppliers in the American continent. Página 17 The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the Ecuadorian economy since exports of goods and services decreased significantly; however, despite the impact of the pandemic in the international context, some Ecuadorian products had a positive performance in their sales. It should be noted that Ecuadorian companies were forced to streamline their activities in order to maintain a competitive level compared to companies from other countries, including the development of electronic programs that allow them to manage their production and trade activities through Internet tools (social networks, web pages, etc.). Foreign trade activities were also affected by the significant drop in prices of the main traditional and non-traditional products such as oil, shrimp, bananas, cocoa, coffee, tuna and other tropical fruits, as a result of the COVID-19 confinement measures. However, the internal economy of Ecuadorian companies has been improving progressively with encouraging indicators that show the improvement of the economy through the gradual reactivation of the productive processes, reflected in the level of sales to international marke .
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Palabras clave
COMERCIO EXTERIOR, EXPORTACIONES, IMPORTACIONES, PRODUCCIÓN
Citación
APA