Impacto del esfuerzo físico sobre procesos osteodegenerativos de columna lumbosacra para mitigar las complicaciones musculoesqueléticas en operarios fábrica de cables de fibra óptica.
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Fecha
2022-04-04
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
Los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TME), causados por exposición a riesgos
disergonómicos como: posturas forzadas, sobreesfuerzo, movimientos repetitivos,
mobiliario inadecuado e incluso el medio ambiente laboral son muy comunes en
todas las empresas e industrias, siendo una de ellas la Fábrica de Cables de Fibra
Óptica, en la que se analiza los riesgos disergonómicos de todo el personal del área
de producción, ya que existen precedentes de la existencia de TME
independientemente de su capacidad profesional y experiencia laboral y lo
demuestra un análisis factorial ANOVA para medidas repetidas con un p<0.001.
Mediante observación “In Situ” de cada actividad en los diferentes puestos de
trabajo se realizan las mediciones necesarias de posturas y esfuerzos que incidan
en los TME, éstos son analizados con los instrumentos: REBA, OWAS,
CUESTIONARIO NÓRDICO. En los resultados obtenidos se observa que las
actividades en todos los puestos de trabajo, con el método OWAS presentan riesgos
muy altos en un 100%, con el método REBA el 65% corresponde a riesgos muy
altos, el 30% a riesgos moderados y un 5% a riesgos altos. Estas condiciones pueden
desencadenar una enfermedad ocupacional, que podría repercutir a la fábrica.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), caused by exposure to disergonomic risks such as: forced postures, overexertion, repetitive movements, inadequate furniture and even the work environment are very common in all companies and industries, one of them being the Factory of Fiber Optic Cables, in which the disergonomic risks of all the personnel in the production area are analyzed, since there are precedents for the existence of MSDs regardless of their professional capacity and work experience and it is demonstrated by an ANOVA factorial analysis for repeated measures with a p<0.001. Through “In Situ” observation of each activity in the different workstations, the necessary measurements of postures and efforts that affect the TME are carried out, these are analyzed with the instruments: REBA, OWAS, NORDIC QUESTIONNAIRE. In the results obtained it is observed that the activities in all the jobs, with the OWAS method present very high risks in 100%, with the REBA method 65% correspond to very high risks, 30% to moderate risks and a 5% at high risks. These conditions can trigger an occupational disease, which could affect the factory.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), caused by exposure to disergonomic risks such as: forced postures, overexertion, repetitive movements, inadequate furniture and even the work environment are very common in all companies and industries, one of them being the Factory of Fiber Optic Cables, in which the disergonomic risks of all the personnel in the production area are analyzed, since there are precedents for the existence of MSDs regardless of their professional capacity and work experience and it is demonstrated by an ANOVA factorial analysis for repeated measures with a p<0.001. Through “In Situ” observation of each activity in the different workstations, the necessary measurements of postures and efforts that affect the TME are carried out, these are analyzed with the instruments: REBA, OWAS, NORDIC QUESTIONNAIRE. In the results obtained it is observed that the activities in all the jobs, with the OWAS method present very high risks in 100%, with the REBA method 65% correspond to very high risks, 30% to moderate risks and a 5% at high risks. These conditions can trigger an occupational disease, which could affect the factory.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, SALUD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL, TRASTORNOS MUSCULOESQUELÉTICOS, COLUMNA LUMBOSACRA, ENFERMEDAD OCUPACIONAL