Análisis de la cadena de valor del mango de exportación de la provincia del Guayas.
Fecha
2020-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El mango es una fruta no tradicional que en Ecuador se cosecha desde inicios del mes de octubre hasta finales del mes de Enero y que hoy en día cuenta con aproximadamente 7.000 hectáreas que son exclusivamente destinadas para el cultivo de mango de exportación; resaltando que la provincia del Guayas cultiva en el 95% de esas hectáreas. Este producto es consumido en el mercado internacional mayormente como fruto fresco, destacado por su excelente sabor, contextura y olor, también es comercializado en productos derivados, ya sea, como mermeladas, jugos, fruta deshidratada, pulpa, entre otros que poseen grandes nutrientes.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la actividad del mango desde los eslabones de la cadena de valor, tales como la producción, la transformación, la comercialización del producto y el valor agregado que se genera del mismo, tomando en cuenta las encuestas realizadas a agricultores y entrevista a intermediarios o exportadores del mango para conocer la forma en que se produce el fruto y se comercializa tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Analizando la parte de la comercialización del mango ecuatoriano se considera que, a lo largo de la historia de exportación, este ha ido aumentando progresivamente posicionándose dentro de los diez principales países de Latinoamérica que exportan la fruta fresca, además del análisis de los requisitos fitosanitarios y logísticos que se presentan en la etapa de la comercialización con los que Ecuador ha tenido que cumplir para poder posicionar su producto en el mercado internacional.
Se concluyó que Ecuador produce un mango de alta calidad, pero los agricultores exportadores no cuentan con la tecnología necesaria ni el financiamiento adecuado para poder darle ese valor agregado a la fruta y por ende muchos de ellos solo se enfocan en la exportación del fruto freso, generando así posicionar a Ecuador por debajo de sus principales competidores como México, Brasil, Perú, entre otros.
Mango is a non-traditional fruit that in Ecuador is harvested once a year and that today has approximately 7,000 hectares that are exclusively used for growing mango for export; highlighting that the province of Guayas cultivates 95% of those hectares. This product is consumed in the international market mainly as fresh fruit, noted for its excellent flavor, texture and smell, it is also marketed in derivative products, either as jams, juices, dehydrated fruit, and pulp, among others that have great nutrients. The objective of this study was to analyze the activity of mango from the links of the value chain, such as production, transformation, commercialization of the product and the added value that is generated from it, taking into account the surveys carried out with farmers. and interviews with intermediaries or mango exporters to learn how the fruit is produced and marketed both nationally and internationally. Analyzing the part of the commercialization of the Ecuadorian mango, it is considered that, throughout the export history, it has progressively increased, positioning itself within the ten main Latin American countries that export fresh fruit, in addition to the analysis of the phytosanitary and logistics that occur in the marketing stage with which Ecuador has had to comply in order to position its product in the international market. It was concluded that Ecuador produces a high quality mango, but exporting farmers do not have the necessary technology or adequate financing to be able to give that added value to the fruit and therefore many of them only focus on the export of the fresh fruit. thus, generating positioning Ecuador below its main competitors such as Mexico, Brazil, Peru, among others.
Mango is a non-traditional fruit that in Ecuador is harvested once a year and that today has approximately 7,000 hectares that are exclusively used for growing mango for export; highlighting that the province of Guayas cultivates 95% of those hectares. This product is consumed in the international market mainly as fresh fruit, noted for its excellent flavor, texture and smell, it is also marketed in derivative products, either as jams, juices, dehydrated fruit, and pulp, among others that have great nutrients. The objective of this study was to analyze the activity of mango from the links of the value chain, such as production, transformation, commercialization of the product and the added value that is generated from it, taking into account the surveys carried out with farmers. and interviews with intermediaries or mango exporters to learn how the fruit is produced and marketed both nationally and internationally. Analyzing the part of the commercialization of the Ecuadorian mango, it is considered that, throughout the export history, it has progressively increased, positioning itself within the ten main Latin American countries that export fresh fruit, in addition to the analysis of the phytosanitary and logistics that occur in the marketing stage with which Ecuador has had to comply in order to position its product in the international market. It was concluded that Ecuador produces a high quality mango, but exporting farmers do not have the necessary technology or adequate financing to be able to give that added value to the fruit and therefore many of them only focus on the export of the fresh fruit. thus, generating positioning Ecuador below its main competitors such as Mexico, Brazil, Peru, among others.
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Palabras clave
CADENA DE VALOR, MANGO, EXPORTACIÓN, COMPETENCIA
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APA