Correlación histopatológica y birads ecográfico en mujeres con mastitis granulomatosa Hospital Alfredo G. Paulson: 2018-2020
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La mastitis granulomatosa (MG) es una patología de la mama de características inflamatorias poco usual de presentarse, crónica, benigna. Tiene su desarrollo principalmente en mujeres de edad fértil generalmente que hayan presentado como antecedente lactancia materna. La etiología no es tan conocida en su totalidad, pero su proceso inflamatorio se asocia a traumas, trastornos metabólicos, hormonales, auto inmunes e infeccioso. Su cuadro clínico se presenta con dolor, masa, hiperemia e inflamación, en algunos casos abscesos con contenido purulento y alza térmica, por lo que su presentación clínica se puede simular a una mastitis o un carcinoma inflamatorio. La principal herramienta diagnostica es la biopsia con estudio histopatológico.
En el estudio de la biopsia puede ser observada formaciones granulomatosas que se pueden o no asociar a infiltraciones de celular gigantes, histiocitos y células plasmáticas. El estudio de imágenes se realiza de forma rutinaria para hacer diagnósticos diferenciales.
El tratamiento sigue siendo motivo de discusión en las sociedades científicas ya que la causa de la MG es poco conocida, pero se utiliza tratamiento terapéutico que comienza con antibióticos y corticosteroides, seguido de terapia continua con esteroides y cirugía en pacientes con síntomas persisten.
El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolla en el Hospital Alfredo G Paulson, con las mujeres atendidas por la consulta externa de la especialidad de mastología con el diagnostico de mastitis granulomatosa. Es un estudio observacional, de tipo retrospectivo de metodología no experimental, de cohorte transversal.
Este trabajo busca hallar la correlación entre BIRADS ecográfico y el estudio histopatológico. Entre los principales resultados se pudo evidenciar que la significación asintótica de la prueba estadística del Chi Cuadrado es mayor a 0,05 la cual fue planteada para esta investigación, por lo tanto, se llega a la conclusión que no existe relación significativa entre el estudio de eco mamario y su escala cuantitativa BIRADS y el estudio histopatológico.
Granulomatous mastitis (MG) is a pathology of the breast with unusual inflammatory characteristics, chronic, benign. It develops mainly in women of childbearing age, generally with a history of breastfeeding. The etiology is not fully known, but its inflammatory process is associated with trauma, metabolic, hormonal, autoimmune and infectious disorders. Its clinical picture presents with pain, mass, hyperemia and inflammation, in some cases abscesses with purulent content and thermal rise, so its clinical presentation can mimic mastitis or inflammatory carcinoma. The main diagnostic tool is biopsy with histopathological study. In the study of the biopsy, granulomatous formations can be observed that may or may not be associated with infiltrations of giant cells, histocytes and plasma cells. Imaging is routinely performed to make differential diagnoses. Treatment is still a matter of discussion in scientific societies since the cause of MG is poorly understood, but therapeutic treatment is used that begins with antibiotics and corticosteroids, followed by continuous steroid therapy and surgery in patients with persistent symptoms. This research work is carried out at the Alfredo G Paulson Hospital, with women treated by the external consultation of the specialty of mastology with the diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. It is an observational, retrospective, non-experimental methodology, cross-sectional cohort study. This work seeks to find the connection between ultrasound BIRADS and the histopathological study. Among the main results, it was possible to show that the asymptotic significance of the Chi Square statistical test is greater than 0.05, which was proposed for this investigation, therefore, it is concluded that there is no significant relationship between the mammary echo study and its quantitative scale BIRADS and the histopathological study.
Granulomatous mastitis (MG) is a pathology of the breast with unusual inflammatory characteristics, chronic, benign. It develops mainly in women of childbearing age, generally with a history of breastfeeding. The etiology is not fully known, but its inflammatory process is associated with trauma, metabolic, hormonal, autoimmune and infectious disorders. Its clinical picture presents with pain, mass, hyperemia and inflammation, in some cases abscesses with purulent content and thermal rise, so its clinical presentation can mimic mastitis or inflammatory carcinoma. The main diagnostic tool is biopsy with histopathological study. In the study of the biopsy, granulomatous formations can be observed that may or may not be associated with infiltrations of giant cells, histocytes and plasma cells. Imaging is routinely performed to make differential diagnoses. Treatment is still a matter of discussion in scientific societies since the cause of MG is poorly understood, but therapeutic treatment is used that begins with antibiotics and corticosteroids, followed by continuous steroid therapy and surgery in patients with persistent symptoms. This research work is carried out at the Alfredo G Paulson Hospital, with women treated by the external consultation of the specialty of mastology with the diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. It is an observational, retrospective, non-experimental methodology, cross-sectional cohort study. This work seeks to find the connection between ultrasound BIRADS and the histopathological study. Among the main results, it was possible to show that the asymptotic significance of the Chi Square statistical test is greater than 0.05, which was proposed for this investigation, therefore, it is concluded that there is no significant relationship between the mammary echo study and its quantitative scale BIRADS and the histopathological study.
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Mastitis, Ultrasonografía, Lactancia materna, Trastornos metabólicos, Hospital de la Mujer Alfredo G. Paulson, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador