Resultante materno-perinatal en gestantes con preeclampsia severa de inicio temprano y tardío. estudio comparativo Hospital Alfredo G. Paulson
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedentes: La preeclampsia ha destacado entre los trastornos hipertensivos por el impacto generado en la salud materna y neonatal. Se la ha considerado como una de las principales causas de mortalidad y morbilidad materna y perinatal en todo el mundo. Objetivo: el propósito de esta investigación es determinar la resultante materno - perinatal en gestantes con preeclampsia severa de inicio temprano y tardío en el Hospital Alfredo G. Paulson. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de tipo correlacional y retrospectivo de corte transversal donde se tomó como universo y muestra a las pacientes ingresadas en el período del 1 de enero de 2018 hasta el 31 diciembre de 2020 con el diagnóstico de preeclampsia severa, con presión arterial => 160 / 110mmHg. Resultados: Se determinó que la preeclampsia de inicio temprano presentó características similares con las de inicio tardío en cuanto a los factores de riesgo; además de que los casos de inicio temprano son más peligrosos que los de inicio tardío pues presentan mayores complicaciones, asimismo producto de estas complicaciones los recién nacidos tuvieron pesos bajos, derivando a la unidad de cuidados intensivos; también que hubo casos de muertes en los recién nacidos con preeclampsia de inicio temprano a diferencia de la inicio tardío que no presentó ninguna muerte. Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los resultados de laboratorio de las pacientes con preeclampsia de inicio temprano presentaron valores que incrementan las probabilidades de padecer complicaciones en el embarazo. Además que las complicaciones principales que presentaron fueron el síndrome de HELLP y el desprendimiento placentario. Asimismo el síntoma de mayor frecuencia en estas fue la cefalea. También que no hubo casos de muerte materna, pero sí de muertes perinatales.
Background: Preeclampsia has stood out among hypertensive disorders due to its impact on maternal and neonatal health. It has been considered one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Worldwide, 10 to 15 percent of direct maternal deaths were associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine the maternal - perinatal outcome in pregnant women with severe early and late onset preeclampsia at the Alfredo G. Paulson Hospital. Methodology: A correlational and retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out where the universe was taken and it shows the patients admitted in the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 with the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, with blood pressure = > 160 / 110mmHg. Results: Early-onset preeclampsia was found to have similar characteristics to late-onset preeclampsia in terms of risk factors; in addition to the fact that early-onset cases are more dangerous than late-onset ones because they present greater complications, as a result of these complications, the newborns had low birth weights, being referred to the intensive care unit; also that there were cases of deaths in newborns with early onset preeclampsia as opposed to late onset which did not present any deaths. Conclusions: More than half of the laboratory results of patients with early-onset preeclampsia presented values that increase the chances of suffering complications in pregnancy. In addition, the main complications they presented were HELLP syndrome and placental abruption. Likewise, the most frequent symptom in these was headache. Also that there were no cases of maternal death, but there were perinatal deaths.
Background: Preeclampsia has stood out among hypertensive disorders due to its impact on maternal and neonatal health. It has been considered one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Worldwide, 10 to 15 percent of direct maternal deaths were associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine the maternal - perinatal outcome in pregnant women with severe early and late onset preeclampsia at the Alfredo G. Paulson Hospital. Methodology: A correlational and retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out where the universe was taken and it shows the patients admitted in the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 with the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, with blood pressure = > 160 / 110mmHg. Results: Early-onset preeclampsia was found to have similar characteristics to late-onset preeclampsia in terms of risk factors; in addition to the fact that early-onset cases are more dangerous than late-onset ones because they present greater complications, as a result of these complications, the newborns had low birth weights, being referred to the intensive care unit; also that there were cases of deaths in newborns with early onset preeclampsia as opposed to late onset which did not present any deaths. Conclusions: More than half of the laboratory results of patients with early-onset preeclampsia presented values that increase the chances of suffering complications in pregnancy. In addition, the main complications they presented were HELLP syndrome and placental abruption. Likewise, the most frequent symptom in these was headache. Also that there were no cases of maternal death, but there were perinatal deaths.
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Mujeres embarazadas, Morbimortalidad, Trastornos hipertensivos, Recién nacido, Hospital de la Mujer Alfredo G. Paulson, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador