Agrandamiento gingival asociado al uso prolongado de fármacos bloqueadores de canales de calcio
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2022-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
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Introducción: Los bloqueadores de canales de calcio son fármacos muy utilizados a la hora de tratar diversas patologías cardiacas por lo que son fármacos ideales para tratar problemas de hipertensión, pero los antagonistas cálcicos también tienen efectos adversos que pueden afectar la estética del paciente siendo el ejemplo más claro el agrandamiento gingival. Problema: la hipertensión es una enfermedad muy común no solo a nivel mundial sino a nivel de nuestro país, la hipertensión plantea un tratamiento tanto farmacológico como no farmacológico, debido al gran índice de esta enfermedad a nivel global, los antagonistas cálcicos son usados con mayor frecuencia. Estos medicamentos pueden provocar varios efectos secundarios como cefalea, edema o el agrandamiento gingival. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la relación que existe entre el agrandamiento gingival asociado al uso prolongado de fármacos bloqueadores de canales de calcio. Metodología: Los métodos usados fueron de tipo analítico-sintético con una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa, exploratorio y documental para la recolección de datos se revisaron 42 documentos de los últimos 5 años sobre el agrandamiento gingival asociado al uso prolongado de fármacos bloqueadores de canales de calcio. Resultados: los resultados que los pacientes habían tomado fármacos antihipertensivos (amlodipino y nifedipina) desarrollaron agrandamiento gingival. Conclusión: El agrandamiento gingival puede manifestarse hasta los 6 meses de consumo de antagonistas cálcicos, si bien los estudios realizados no encuentran mecanismos patogénicos totalmente claros, la acumulación de matriz extracelular parece estar relacionado al agrandamiento producido por fármacos.
Introduction: Calcium channel blockers are widely used drugs when treating various cardiac pathologies, so they are ideal drugs to treat hypertension problems, but calcium antagonists also have adverse effects that can affect the aesthetics of the patient being the example clearer gingival enlargement. Problem: hypertension is a very common disease not only worldwide but also in our country, hypertension poses both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, due to the high rate of this disease globally, calcium antagonists are used more frequently frequency. These medications can cause various side effects such as headache, edema or gingival enlargement. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between gingival enlargement associated with the prolonged use of calcium channel blockers. Methodology: The methods used were analytical-synthetic with a qualitative, exploratory and documentary bibliographic review for data collection, 42 documents from the last 5 years on gingival enlargement associated with the prolonged use of calcium channel blockers were reviewed. Results: the results that the patients had taken antihypertensive drugs (amlodipine and nifedipine) developed gingival enlargement. Conclusion: Gingival enlargement can manifest up to 6 months of consumption of calcium antagonists, although the studies carried out do not find completely clear pathogenic mechanisms, the accumulation of extracellular matrix seems to be related to the enlargement produced by drugs.
Introduction: Calcium channel blockers are widely used drugs when treating various cardiac pathologies, so they are ideal drugs to treat hypertension problems, but calcium antagonists also have adverse effects that can affect the aesthetics of the patient being the example clearer gingival enlargement. Problem: hypertension is a very common disease not only worldwide but also in our country, hypertension poses both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, due to the high rate of this disease globally, calcium antagonists are used more frequently frequency. These medications can cause various side effects such as headache, edema or gingival enlargement. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between gingival enlargement associated with the prolonged use of calcium channel blockers. Methodology: The methods used were analytical-synthetic with a qualitative, exploratory and documentary bibliographic review for data collection, 42 documents from the last 5 years on gingival enlargement associated with the prolonged use of calcium channel blockers were reviewed. Results: the results that the patients had taken antihypertensive drugs (amlodipine and nifedipine) developed gingival enlargement. Conclusion: Gingival enlargement can manifest up to 6 months of consumption of calcium antagonists, although the studies carried out do not find completely clear pathogenic mechanisms, the accumulation of extracellular matrix seems to be related to the enlargement produced by drugs.
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HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL, GINGIVOPLASTIA, NIFEDIPINA