Determinación de PCBs en transformadores de distribución en Machala
Fecha
2017-06-20
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Dialnet
Resumen
Los bifelinos policlorados (PCBs), fueron descubiertos en 1881 en Alemania, por su alta resistencia
al calor y variedad en aplicaciones industriales fueron utilizados en trasformadores. Se calcula que
1.5 millones de toneladas de PCBs fueron producidos desde 1929 hasta 1979 y comercializados en
equipos eléctricos hasta 1986. De toda la fabricación se estima que 750.000 toneladas fueron
liberadas al ambiente y el resto se encuentra en equipos eléctricos todavía en servicio, esto
considerando que su vida útil es de 25 a 35 años de funcionamiento con un adecuado
mantenimiento, por lo que aún no se puede llegar a determinar el contenido de PCBs, de estos
equipos instalados en sistema eléctrico del Ecuador.
El estudio caso tiene como objeto la identificación de los PCBs en transformadores de distribución,
de la parroquia La Providencia, del Cantón Machala, mediante un análisis cualitativo por la método
9070 US EPA SW-846, (kit CLOR-N-OIL-50), además se utilizara un formulario para describir el
tipo de transformador, ubicación geográfica y resultado de la pruebas. De los resultados obtenidos se
observa que de las 121 pruebas de campo realizadas a los transformadores de distribución, el 10%
de las mismas se encuentran contaminadas con PCBs, lo que corresponde a 12 equipos que
contienes aceite dieléctrico contaminado. La propuesta es estructurar un plan de abandono,
almacenamiento y disposición final de aceites, equipos, y desechos contaminados con PCBs, este
debe de ser aplicado por la empresa eléctrica prestadora de servicio, CNEL EP Unidad de Negocios
El Oro
Polychlorinated bifelins (PCBs), were discovered in 1881 in Germany, because of their high heat resistance and variety in industrial applications were used in transformers. It is estimated that 1.5 million tons of PCBs were produced from 1929 to 1979 and marketed in electrical equipment until 1986. Of all the manufacturing it is estimated that 750,000 tons were released to the environment and the rest is in electrical equipment still in service, That its useful life is 25 to 35 years of operation with an adequate maintenance, so it is not yet possible to determine the content of PCBs, of these equipment installed in Ecuador's electrical system. The purpose of this study was to identify PCBs in distribution transformers from the La Providencia parish of Canton Machala through a qualitative analysis by the US EPA SW-846 method (CLOR-NOIL-50 kit) , In addition a form will be used to describe the type of transformer, geographical location and result of the tests. From the results obtained it is observed that of the 121 field tests performed on the distribution transformers, 10% of them are contaminated with PCBs, which corresponds to 12 equipment containing contaminated dielectric oil. The proposal is to structure a plan for the abandonment, storage and final disposal of oils, equipment, and wastes contaminated with PCBs, this must be applied by the electric service provider, CNEL EP Business Unit El Oro
Polychlorinated bifelins (PCBs), were discovered in 1881 in Germany, because of their high heat resistance and variety in industrial applications were used in transformers. It is estimated that 1.5 million tons of PCBs were produced from 1929 to 1979 and marketed in electrical equipment until 1986. Of all the manufacturing it is estimated that 750,000 tons were released to the environment and the rest is in electrical equipment still in service, That its useful life is 25 to 35 years of operation with an adequate maintenance, so it is not yet possible to determine the content of PCBs, of these equipment installed in Ecuador's electrical system. The purpose of this study was to identify PCBs in distribution transformers from the La Providencia parish of Canton Machala through a qualitative analysis by the US EPA SW-846 method (CLOR-NOIL-50 kit) , In addition a form will be used to describe the type of transformer, geographical location and result of the tests. From the results obtained it is observed that of the 121 field tests performed on the distribution transformers, 10% of them are contaminated with PCBs, which corresponds to 12 equipment containing contaminated dielectric oil. The proposal is to structure a plan for the abandonment, storage and final disposal of oils, equipment, and wastes contaminated with PCBs, this must be applied by the electric service provider, CNEL EP Business Unit El Oro
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Palabras clave
BIFELINOS POLICLORADOS (PCBS), CONTAMINANTE, DESECHO, PERSISTENTE, INVENTARIO, PLAN DE MANEJO AMBIENTAL, SALUD, MEDIO AMBIENTE, SERES VIVOS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS), POLLUTANT, WASTE, PERSISTENT, INVENTORY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN, HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, LIVING BEINGS
Citación
Morales-Abril, M., Reyes-Pincay, B., Carabajo-Ayala, S., & Alarcón-Valencia, M. (2017). Determinación de PCBs en transformadores de distribución en Machala. Dominio de las Ciencias, 3(3), 445-469. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.23857/dc.v3i3.486