Estudio de la composición química y actividad antioxidante de las hojas de verdolaga (Portulaca oleracea L.)
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
El término estrés oxidativo hace referencia al desequilibrio entre la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno-nitrógeno (ROS/RNS) y las defensas antioxidantes, generalmente el desbalance ocurre por una ausencia de antioxidantes en la ingesta diaria de alimentos que encaminarán a un posible daño potencial. Pero existen compuestos químicos que tienen la habilidad de enlentecer o prevenir los radicales libres, minimizando el daño ocasionado. El objetivo de este proyecto investigativo es realizar el estudio químico y el potencial antioxidante en las hojas de Verdolaga (Portulaca Oleracea L.), en conjunto con el contenido fenólico total en extracto hidroalcohólico. Los extractos se prepararon por el método de maceración usando como solvente Alcohol Desodorizado al 70% + H2O en una disolución de 70:30. El estudio fitoquímico se llevó a cabo por medio de la identificación cualitativa de metabolitos secundarios, se reportaron como positivas las reacciones para alcaloides, triterpenos, taninos, saponinas, catequinas, azúcares reductores y compuestos grasos. La cuantificación de fenoles totales se determinó mediante la metodología de Folin-Ciocalteu, reportando una concentración promedio de
26,23 mg HGA/g peso seco. Finalmente, se determinó la capacidad antioxidante mediante la captación de radicales libres del DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazilo) por espectrofotometría, se obtuvo un porcentaje promedio de inhibición de radicales DPPH de 73.13% con TROLOX (solución patrón).
The term oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen-nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antioxidant defenses; generally, the imbalance occurs due to an absence of antioxidants in the daily food intake that will lead to some potential damage. However, there are chemical compounds that have the ability to slow down or prevent free radicals, minimizing the damage caused. The objective of this research project is to carry out the chemical study and the antioxidant potential in the leaves of common Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.), together with the total phenolic content in hydroalcoholic extract. These extracts were prepared by the maceration method using 70% Deodorized Alcohol + H2O as a solvent in a 70:30 solution. The phytochemical study was carried out through the qualitative identification of secondary metabolites; the reactions for alkaloids, triterpenes, tannins, saponins, catechins, reducing sugars and fatty compounds were reported as positive. The quantification of total phenols was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu methodology, reporting an average concentration of 26.23 mg HGA/g dry weight. Finally, the antioxidant capacity was determined by scavenging free radicals of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) by spectrophotometry, an average percentage of DPPH radical inhibition of 73.13% was obtained with TROLOX (standard solution).
The term oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen-nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antioxidant defenses; generally, the imbalance occurs due to an absence of antioxidants in the daily food intake that will lead to some potential damage. However, there are chemical compounds that have the ability to slow down or prevent free radicals, minimizing the damage caused. The objective of this research project is to carry out the chemical study and the antioxidant potential in the leaves of common Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.), together with the total phenolic content in hydroalcoholic extract. These extracts were prepared by the maceration method using 70% Deodorized Alcohol + H2O as a solvent in a 70:30 solution. The phytochemical study was carried out through the qualitative identification of secondary metabolites; the reactions for alkaloids, triterpenes, tannins, saponins, catechins, reducing sugars and fatty compounds were reported as positive. The quantification of total phenols was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu methodology, reporting an average concentration of 26.23 mg HGA/g dry weight. Finally, the antioxidant capacity was determined by scavenging free radicals of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) by spectrophotometry, an average percentage of DPPH radical inhibition of 73.13% was obtained with TROLOX (standard solution).
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TAMIZAJE FITOQUÍMICO, POLIFENOLES TOTALES, ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE, VERDOLAGA, PORTULACA OLERACEA L