Evolución de la banca privada del Ecuador y su incidencia en la oferta monetaria nacional. Periodo 2010-2021
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2022-09
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente investigación analiza la evolución de las operaciones de la banca privada del Ecuador y su incidencia sobre la oferta monetaria nacional durante el período 2010 - 2021. La metodológica corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo, modalidad revisión documental, con alcance descriptivo-explicativo e inferencia analítico-sintética. Los resultados determinaron que el sistema dolarizado impuesto desde el año 2000 limitó el manejo de la política monetaria; la banca privada obtuvo un papel de mayor representatividad, ya que son 24 las entidades bancarias que desarrollan sus operaciones de captación y distribución del ahorro. Además, la banca ha mostrado una evolución en sus componentes de depósitos en ahorro y a plazo, pese a los diversos shocks que ha atravesado la economía ecuatoriana, incluso al punto de diversificar los productos financieros ofertados, siendo el comercial/productivo los de mayor demanda. Por el lado de la oferta monetaria, a pesar de las fluctuaciones de los depósitos a la vista y las especies en circulación, el comportamiento de esta última presentó un punto de inflexión desde el 2014, mostrando una preferencia de los agentes económicos por liquidez. Al asociar mediante el modelo econométrico de regresión múltiple, se mostró que las operaciones de la banca privada del Ecuador, representadas por los depósitos a la vista y el cuasidinero, tiene una causalidad relevante sobre la oferta monetaria; con base en este resultado, se recomienda optimizar la calidad de los instrumentos de la política fiscal a fin de incidir positivamente sobre la economía nacional.
This research analyzes the evolution of private banking operations in Ecuador and its impact on the national money supply during the period 2010 - 2021. synthetic. The results determined that the dollarized system imposed since 2000 limited the management of monetary policy; private banking obtained a more representative role, since they are the banking entities that carry out their savings collection and distribution operations. In addition, banking has shown an evolution in its savings and term deposit components, despite the various shocks that the Ecuadorian economy has gone through, even to the point of diversifying the financial products offered, with commercial/productive being the ones with the highest demand. On the side of the money supply, despite the fluctuations of demand deposits and species in circulation, the behavior of the latter present a turning point since 2014, showing a preference of economic agents for liquidity. By associating through the multiple gression econometric model, it was shown that the operations of private banking in Ecuador, represented by demand deposits and quasi-money, have a relevant causality on the money supply; Based on this result, it is recommended to optimize the quality of fiscal policy instruments in order to have a positive impact on the national economy
This research analyzes the evolution of private banking operations in Ecuador and its impact on the national money supply during the period 2010 - 2021. synthetic. The results determined that the dollarized system imposed since 2000 limited the management of monetary policy; private banking obtained a more representative role, since they are the banking entities that carry out their savings collection and distribution operations. In addition, banking has shown an evolution in its savings and term deposit components, despite the various shocks that the Ecuadorian economy has gone through, even to the point of diversifying the financial products offered, with commercial/productive being the ones with the highest demand. On the side of the money supply, despite the fluctuations of demand deposits and species in circulation, the behavior of the latter present a turning point since 2014, showing a preference of economic agents for liquidity. By associating through the multiple gression econometric model, it was shown that the operations of private banking in Ecuador, represented by demand deposits and quasi-money, have a relevant causality on the money supply; Based on this result, it is recommended to optimize the quality of fiscal policy instruments in order to have a positive impact on the national economy
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POLÍTICA MONETARIA, OFERTA MONETARIA, DEPOSITO A LA VISTA, LIQUIDEZ
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