Comportamiento agronómico de dos híbridos de maíz Zea maíz L. con tres niveles de nitrógeno.
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2014
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
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Esta investigación se realizó durante la época seca delaño2013, en el sector “La Laguna”, ubicada en el cantón Ventanas, provincia de Los Ríos. Los objetivos fueron: 1) determinar agronómicamente el nivel adecuado de nitrógeno en dos híbridos de maíz; 2) determinar los contenidos de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio en el tejido foliar de los tratamientos; y, 3) realizar el análisis económico de presupuestos parciales de los tratamientos.
Se utilizaron los híbridos de maíz: INIAP H 601 y PIONEER 30F35. Los niveles de nitrógeno empleados fueron de: 0, 80, 160 y 240 kg/ha, también se incluyó un tratamiento de 80 kg N/ha al que se le adicionó 2,5 kg de Leonardita/ha. Se utilizó el diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA), con arreglo factorial 2 x 4 + 2, con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron variables agronómicas, de concentración nutrimental (N, P y K) en el tejido foliar y se realizó el correspondiente análisis de presupuestos parciales.
Se concluyó: a) agronómicamente, el híbrido PIONEER 30F35 superó en promedio al híbrido nacional INIAP 601 en las variables: días a floración, diámetro del tallo y rendimiento del grano (kg/ha); el híbrido INIAP H 601 únicamente superó al híbrido PIONEER 30F35 en altura de inserción de mazorca y peso de 100 granos; b) la respuesta más alta en rendimiento de grano se alcanzó con 240 kg N/ha; c) las variables: diámetro del tallo, altura de planta, peso de 100 granos y rendimiento del grano/ha, presentaron mayores valores cuando fueron sometidas a la fertilización nitrogenada, en comparación con los tratamientos sin fertilizar.
Dentro de las variables de concentración nutrimental se concluyó que: a) el híbrido de maíz INIAP H 601 presentó las mayores concentraciones de N, P y K; b) las concentraciones de nitrógeno fueron deficitarias en el tejido cuando se aplicó 80 kg N/ha, igualmente, cuando a este nivel se le adicionó Leonardita en dosis de 2,5 kg/ha; c) el elemento fósforo se presentó en concentraciones adecuadas con bajas dosis de nitrógeno (80 kg N/ha), mientras que con dosis de 160 y 240 kg N/ha las concentraciones de P en el tejido foliar fueron deficitarias; d) el potasio, con todos los niveles de fertilización nitrogenada, presentó concentraciones adecuadas en el tejido foliar, con excepción del tratamiento 80 kg N/ha + 2,5 kg/ha de Leonardita, en donde presentó una concentración excesiva.
De acuerdo a la metodología de presupuestos parciales, la dosis óptima económica fue la de 160 kg N/ha ya que produjo la mejor Tasa de Retorno Marginal.
This research was conducted during the dry season of 2013 in the sector "Lagoon" windows located in the province of Los Ríos. The objectives were to: 1) determine the appropriate level agronomic nitrogen on two maize hybrids; 2) Determine the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaf tissue treatments and 3) Conduct economic analysis of appropriation of treatments. The corn hybrids and INIAP 601 and PIONEER 30F 35 was used, nitrogen levels used were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg/ha, 80kgN treatment was also included / hato whichwas added 2.5 kg of leonardite/ha. The completely randomized design (RCBD) was used blocks factorial arrangement with 2 x 4 + 2 with three replications. Agronomic variables, nutrient concentration (N, P and K) were evaluated in tissue and partialbudget analysis was performed. It was concluded: a) Agronomically hybrid PIONEER 30F 35 exceeded the national hybrid lNlAP 601 on average in the variables days to flowering, stem diameter and grain yield (kg/ha), the hybrid lNlAP 601 only outperformed the hybrid PIONEER in ear insertion height and weight of 100 seeds; b) The highest grain yield response was obtained with 240 kg N/ha; c) Variables stem diameter, plant height, 100 seed weight and grain yield/ha had higher values when they were subjected to nitrogen fertilization compared with unfertilized treatments. Among the variables of nutrient concentration was concluded: a) corn hybrid lNlAP 601 had the highest concentrations of N, P and K; b) Nitrogen concentrations were deficientin tissue when applied 80 kg N/ha, this level also when leonardite was added in doses of 2.5 kg/ha; c) Phosphorus element presented in suitable low dose of nitrogen (80 kg N/ha) concentrations, whereas at 160 and 240 kg N/ha P concentrations were deficient tissue; d) Potassium with all levels of nitrogen fertilization provided adequate leaf tissue, with the exception of treatment (80 kg N/ha) which was added in mixture leonardite (2.5 kg/ha) submitted an excessive concentration levels. According to the partial budget methodology,the optimum economic dose was 160 kg N / ha as it produced the best Marginal Rate of Return.
This research was conducted during the dry season of 2013 in the sector "Lagoon" windows located in the province of Los Ríos. The objectives were to: 1) determine the appropriate level agronomic nitrogen on two maize hybrids; 2) Determine the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaf tissue treatments and 3) Conduct economic analysis of appropriation of treatments. The corn hybrids and INIAP 601 and PIONEER 30F 35 was used, nitrogen levels used were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg/ha, 80kgN treatment was also included / hato whichwas added 2.5 kg of leonardite/ha. The completely randomized design (RCBD) was used blocks factorial arrangement with 2 x 4 + 2 with three replications. Agronomic variables, nutrient concentration (N, P and K) were evaluated in tissue and partialbudget analysis was performed. It was concluded: a) Agronomically hybrid PIONEER 30F 35 exceeded the national hybrid lNlAP 601 on average in the variables days to flowering, stem diameter and grain yield (kg/ha), the hybrid lNlAP 601 only outperformed the hybrid PIONEER in ear insertion height and weight of 100 seeds; b) The highest grain yield response was obtained with 240 kg N/ha; c) Variables stem diameter, plant height, 100 seed weight and grain yield/ha had higher values when they were subjected to nitrogen fertilization compared with unfertilized treatments. Among the variables of nutrient concentration was concluded: a) corn hybrid lNlAP 601 had the highest concentrations of N, P and K; b) Nitrogen concentrations were deficientin tissue when applied 80 kg N/ha, this level also when leonardite was added in doses of 2.5 kg/ha; c) Phosphorus element presented in suitable low dose of nitrogen (80 kg N/ha) concentrations, whereas at 160 and 240 kg N/ha P concentrations were deficient tissue; d) Potassium with all levels of nitrogen fertilization provided adequate leaf tissue, with the exception of treatment (80 kg N/ha) which was added in mixture leonardite (2.5 kg/ha) submitted an excessive concentration levels. According to the partial budget methodology,the optimum economic dose was 160 kg N / ha as it produced the best Marginal Rate of Return.
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Valle Bajaña, Juan Nicanor (2014): Comportamiento agronómico de dos híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) con tres niveles de nitrógeno.