Controles prenatales insuficientes como factor de riesgo de anemia en gestantes adolescentes de 16 a 18 años
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
La anemia es una alteración sanguínea caracterizada por disminución de
hemoglobina. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia que tienen los
controles prenatales insuficientes como factor de riesgo de anemia en gestantes
adolescentes de 16 a 18 años del Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil. El diseño
investigativo fue observacional, descriptivo y transversal con 210 pacientes, se
realizó una encuesta. Los resultados fueron: el número de controles fue de 1 a 2
con el 47,6%; durante el tercer trimestre de gestación. Los factores de riesgo
asociados a anemia, nivel primario en el 37,1%, quehaceres domésticos en el 59%,
náuseas en el 66,7%, vómitos en el 65,7%, primigestas en el 45,7% e inicio tardío
de controles en 23,8%. Las consecuencias materno-fetales fueron: parto
pretérmino en el 28,6% y amenaza de aborto en el 23,8% en la madre, retardo de
crecimiento intrauterino en el 51,9% y bajo peso en el 20,0% en el feto.
Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by decreased hemoglobin. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of insufficient prenatal controls as a risk factor for anemia in pregnant adolescents between 16 and 18 years of age at the University Hospital of Guayaquil. The research design was observational, descriptive and cross-sectional with 210 patients, a survey was conducted. The results were: the number of controls was from 1 to 2 with 47.6%; during the third trimester of pregnancy. Risk factors associated with anemia, primary level in 37.1%, housework in 59%, nausea in 66.7%, vomiting in 65.7%, primigravida in 45.7% and late onset of controls in 23.8%. The maternal-fetal consequences were: preterm birth in 28.6% and threatened abortion in 23.8% in the mother, intrauterine growth retardation in 51.9% and low weight in 20.0% in the fetus.
Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by decreased hemoglobin. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of insufficient prenatal controls as a risk factor for anemia in pregnant adolescents between 16 and 18 years of age at the University Hospital of Guayaquil. The research design was observational, descriptive and cross-sectional with 210 patients, a survey was conducted. The results were: the number of controls was from 1 to 2 with 47.6%; during the third trimester of pregnancy. Risk factors associated with anemia, primary level in 37.1%, housework in 59%, nausea in 66.7%, vomiting in 65.7%, primigravida in 45.7% and late onset of controls in 23.8%. The maternal-fetal consequences were: preterm birth in 28.6% and threatened abortion in 23.8% in the mother, intrauterine growth retardation in 51.9% and low weight in 20.0% in the fetus.
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CONTROL PRENATAL, FACTORES DE RIESGO, ANEMIA, MUJERES EMBARAZADAS, HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR