Evaluación del riesgo nutricional en pacientes con tratamiento de hemodiálisis mediante tamizaje malnutrition inflammation score
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La enfermedad renal crónica tiene una prevalencia e incidencias a nivel mundial en aumento y una repercusión significativa en el estado nutricional de los pacientes renales; la presente investigación tiene un diseño descriptivo-analítico de forma retrospectiva con corte transversal cuyo objetivo es determinar el riesgo nutricional en pacientes con tratamiento de hemodiálisis mediante tamizaje Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS). Se tomó como muestra 62 pacientes que asisten al área de nefrología hemodiálisis en el Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos; de los cuáles, el 65% son hombres y 35% mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 65 – 84 años, una media y DS de 71 ± 5.30. Se realizó una valoración del estado nutricional con métodos antropométricos, bioquímicos, clínicos y dietéticos implementando herramientas nutricionales como tamizaje (MIS) y tamizaje por Block; encontrando que gran parte de la muestra estudiada tiene un riesgo nutricional superior al 70% sumando los tipos de malnutrición (leve, moderada, grave) evidenciando que, una mínima parte de la muestra se encuentra con rangos normales, cuya media y DS se encuentra en 5 ± 2.55. De acuerdo a la ingesta alimentaria es baja tanto
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en frutas verdura y fibra (≤ 20) con una media y DS de 14 ± 2.19, y baja en carnes, lácteos y grasas (≤ 18) con media y DS de 11 ± 2.37; lo que no se encontró significancia estadística al momento de correlacionar el tamizaje MIS con el tamizaje por Block; concluyendo que se debe continuar realizando más estudios analizando otras encuestas dietéticas validadas o parámetros que puedan guardar algún tipo de relación con el tamizaje Malnutrition Inflammation Score.
Chronic kidney disease has an increasing global prevalence and incidence worldwide and a significant impact on the nutritional status kidney patients; so, the present research has a descriptive-analytical design retrospectively with a cross-section whose objective is to determine the nutritional risk patients with hemodialysis treatment by screening Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS). A sample was taken of 62 patients attending at the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos at the hemodialysis nephrology area; of which, 65% men and 35% women, aged between 65-84 years, an average and SD of 71 ± 5.30. An assessment of the nutritional status was carried out with anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary methods implementing nutritional tools such as screening (MIS) and screening by Block, finding that a large part of the sample studied has a nutritional risk greater than 70% adding the types of malnutrition (mild, moderate, severe) evidencing that a minimum part of the sample is with normal ranges, whose mean and SD are 5 ± 2.55. According to the dietary intake is low both in fruits, vegetables, and fiber (≤20) with a mean and SD of 14 ± 2.19, and low in meat, dairy, and fat (≤18) with a mean and SD 11 ± 2.37; what was not found statistical significance at the time of correlating MIS screening with XIX Block screening; concluding that more studies should continue to be carried out analyzing other validated dietary surveys or parameters that may have some kind of relationship with the Malnutrition Inflammation Score screening
Chronic kidney disease has an increasing global prevalence and incidence worldwide and a significant impact on the nutritional status kidney patients; so, the present research has a descriptive-analytical design retrospectively with a cross-section whose objective is to determine the nutritional risk patients with hemodialysis treatment by screening Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS). A sample was taken of 62 patients attending at the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos at the hemodialysis nephrology area; of which, 65% men and 35% women, aged between 65-84 years, an average and SD of 71 ± 5.30. An assessment of the nutritional status was carried out with anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary methods implementing nutritional tools such as screening (MIS) and screening by Block, finding that a large part of the sample studied has a nutritional risk greater than 70% adding the types of malnutrition (mild, moderate, severe) evidencing that a minimum part of the sample is with normal ranges, whose mean and SD are 5 ± 2.55. According to the dietary intake is low both in fruits, vegetables, and fiber (≤20) with a mean and SD of 14 ± 2.19, and low in meat, dairy, and fat (≤18) with a mean and SD 11 ± 2.37; what was not found statistical significance at the time of correlating MIS screening with XIX Block screening; concluding that more studies should continue to be carried out analyzing other validated dietary surveys or parameters that may have some kind of relationship with the Malnutrition Inflammation Score screening
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INSUFICIENCIA RENAL CRONICA, DESNUTRICION, DIALISIS RENAL, VALORACION NUTRICIONAL, INGESTION DE ALIMENTOS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, EPIDEMIOLOGIA ANALITICA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL IESS LOS CEIBOS, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR