Fisioterapia respiratoria en adultos mayores con neumonía nosocomial en el Hospital Jaime Roldós Aguilera
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
Antecedentes: Las infecciones nosocomiales (del latín nosocomīum, "hospital") son
infecciones adquiridas durante una estancia hospitalaria que no estaban presentes durante el
período de incubación o en el momento del ingreso del paciente. Las infecciones que ocurren más de
48 horas después de la hospitalización generalmente se denominan infecciones nosocomiales. Los
pacientes que han sido afectados por este tipo de infecciones en su mayoría requieren de
fisioterapias respiratorias que le ayuden al restablecimiento de su salud, a tal efecto se entiende por
fisioterapia respiratoria el que se utiliza para que las secreciones fluyan por gravedad hacia los
bronquios más grandes, la tráquea, hasta expulsarlas al toser.
Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia clínica de la fisioterapia respiratoria en adultos mayores con
neumonía nosocomial que están asilados en el Hospital Jaime Roldos Aguilera.
Métodos: se trata de una investigación con un enfoque cuantitativo, de método empírico con un
diseño longitudinal no experimental, con un nivel de descriptivo, la población y la muestra se
seleccionaron según criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la técnica de recolección de datos utilizada fue
la encuesta, se cumplieron con los aspectos éticos exigidos por una investigación científica, y el
análisis de los resultados se presenta en tablas con frecuencias y porcentajes y posterior a ello su
interpretación.
Resultados: en virtud de los resultados del estudio reflejan que el mayor predominio de
pacientes infectados por neumonía nosocomial está representado por el sexo femenino, en virtud del
género, teniendo este una prevalencia de 52%, en relación a la edad la mayor prevalencia esta en
los pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 65 años de edad, representado este con un
40%, en virtud de los pacientes con neumonía, en relación al género y los meses de mayor instancia
hospitalaria se tiene que la mayoría fue el sexo masculino con un 30%, y el mes de enero fue el que
mayor prevalencia para los casos de hospitalización. En relación al tiempo de hospitalización, los
pacientes tuvieron una permanecía hospitalaria entre 14 a 23 días, con un alto porcentaje
representado por el 46%, con respecto a los factores de riesgo para contraer una infección
nosocomial se tiene que el 100% esta representador por la prolongación hospitalaria, en la relación a
la mortalidad de pacientes con neumonía nosocomial, en virtud de la edad, hay una prevalencia de
34%, comprendido en el grupo etario de 60 a 65 años, y en relación a la terapia respiratoria más
aplicada y utilizada, de mayor prevalecía fue la técnica de Kinesiterapia respiratoria en un 100%.
Conclusiones: el estudio concluye que la neumonía nosocomial sigue siendo una patología
que afecta especialmente a la tercera edad, con mayor incidencia en el sexo femenino, y donde el
tiempo de hospitalización es de vital influencia para el desarrollo de esta patología, donde son las
personas de mayor edad los que tiene el mayor riego de morbilidad, y aunado a ello la fisioterapia
sigue siendo un método de elección para la recuperación de estos pacientes y su soporte respiratorio
siendo técnica de Kinesiterapia respiratoria una de las más utilizadas.
Background: Nosocomial infections (from the Latin nosocomīum, "hospital") are infections acquired during a hospital stay that were not present during the incubation period or at the time of admission of the patient. Infections that occur more than 48 hours after hospitalization are generally called nosocomial infections. Patients who have been affected by this type of infection mostly require respiratory physiotherapy to help restore their health, for this purpose respiratory physiotherapy is understood to mean that which is used so that the secretions flow by gravity towards the bronchi larger, the trachea, until expelling them when coughing. Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy in older adults with nosocomial pneumonia who are isolated at the Jaime Roldos Aguilera Hospital. Methods: this is a research with a quantitative approach, an empirical method with a non experimental longitudinal design, with a descriptive level, the population and the sample were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data collection technique used was the survey, the ethical aspects required by scientific research were met, and the analysis of the results is presented in tables with frequencies and percentages and after that their interpretation. Results: by virtue of the results of the study, they reflect that the highest prevalence of patients infected with nosocomial pneumonia is represented by the female sex, by virtue of gender, having a prevalence of 52%, in relation to age the highest prevalence is in patients aged between 60 and 65 years of age, represented by 40%, by virtue of patients with pneumonia, in relation to gender and the months of greatest hospital stay, the majority was male with 30%, and the month of January was the month with the highest prevalence for hospitalization cases. In relation to the time of hospitalization, the patients had a hospital stay between 14 to 23 days, with a high percentage represented by 46%, with respect to the risk factors for contracting a nosocomial infection, 100% is represented by hospital prolongation, in relation to the mortality of patients with nosocomial pneumonia, by virtue of age, there is a prevalence of 34%, included in the age group of 60 to 65 years, and in relation to the most applied respiratory therapy and used, the most prevalent was the Respiratory Kinesitherapy technique in 100%. Conclusions: the study concludes that nosocomial pneumonia continues to be a pathology that especially affects the elderly, with a higher incidence in the female sex, and where the time of hospitalization is of vital influence for the development of this pathology, where people are older patients have the highest risk of morbidity, and in addition to this, physiotherapy continues to be a method of choice for the recovery of these patients and their respiratory support, with respiratory Kinesitherapy being one of the most used techniques
Background: Nosocomial infections (from the Latin nosocomīum, "hospital") are infections acquired during a hospital stay that were not present during the incubation period or at the time of admission of the patient. Infections that occur more than 48 hours after hospitalization are generally called nosocomial infections. Patients who have been affected by this type of infection mostly require respiratory physiotherapy to help restore their health, for this purpose respiratory physiotherapy is understood to mean that which is used so that the secretions flow by gravity towards the bronchi larger, the trachea, until expelling them when coughing. Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy in older adults with nosocomial pneumonia who are isolated at the Jaime Roldos Aguilera Hospital. Methods: this is a research with a quantitative approach, an empirical method with a non experimental longitudinal design, with a descriptive level, the population and the sample were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data collection technique used was the survey, the ethical aspects required by scientific research were met, and the analysis of the results is presented in tables with frequencies and percentages and after that their interpretation. Results: by virtue of the results of the study, they reflect that the highest prevalence of patients infected with nosocomial pneumonia is represented by the female sex, by virtue of gender, having a prevalence of 52%, in relation to age the highest prevalence is in patients aged between 60 and 65 years of age, represented by 40%, by virtue of patients with pneumonia, in relation to gender and the months of greatest hospital stay, the majority was male with 30%, and the month of January was the month with the highest prevalence for hospitalization cases. In relation to the time of hospitalization, the patients had a hospital stay between 14 to 23 days, with a high percentage represented by 46%, with respect to the risk factors for contracting a nosocomial infection, 100% is represented by hospital prolongation, in relation to the mortality of patients with nosocomial pneumonia, by virtue of age, there is a prevalence of 34%, included in the age group of 60 to 65 years, and in relation to the most applied respiratory therapy and used, the most prevalent was the Respiratory Kinesitherapy technique in 100%. Conclusions: the study concludes that nosocomial pneumonia continues to be a pathology that especially affects the elderly, with a higher incidence in the female sex, and where the time of hospitalization is of vital influence for the development of this pathology, where people are older patients have the highest risk of morbidity, and in addition to this, physiotherapy continues to be a method of choice for the recovery of these patients and their respiratory support, with respiratory Kinesitherapy being one of the most used techniques
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NEUMONIA, FISIOTERAPIA RESPIRATORIA, INFECCIONES DEL SISTEMA RESPIRATORIO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL BASICO JAIME ROLDOS AGUILERA, CANTON VENTANAS, ECUADOR