Factores de riesgos en las complicaciones pos operatorias de hernias inguinales
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Las hernias inguinales son unas de las patologías más comunes que requieren
una intervención quirúrgica como tratamiento. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes
que se asocian a complicaciones son las que están relacionadas con la edad, el sexo,
técnica quirúrgica utilizada, las comorbilidades relacionadas con un aumento de las
complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores de riesgo en
las complicaciones posoperatorias de hernias inguinales en pacientes del Hospital
Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, período 2019-2021. Utilizando un diseño de carácter
observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, teniendo como individuos de
investigación a los pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente por hernias inguinales, donde
se obtuvo como resultado que los principales factores de riesgo encontrados en una
muestra de 142 pacientes fueron la edad de entre 45 a 54 años, el sexo masculino,
la asociación de comorbilidades como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el uso de la técnica
quirúrgica de Bassini, un tiempo operatorio mayor a 90 minutos, la obesidad, los
niveles aumentados de leucocitos y glucosa en exámenes de laboratorio de control y
la ausencia de la malla durante el procedimiento quirúrgico. Finalmente, con una
prevalencia del 35% se presentó al seroma como la principal complicación asociada
a los factores de riesgo antes mencionados, seguido por la infección de la herida
quirúrgica en un 20%. Como conclusión, los pacientes que presentaron más de uno
de estos factores de riesgo tuvieron una alta probabilidad de sufrir alguna
complicación posoperatoria debido a la intervención quirúrgica.
Inguinal hernias are one of the most common pathologies that require surgical intervention as treatment. The most frequent risk factors associated with complications are those related to age, sex, surgical technique used, comorbidities related to an increase in complications. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors in postoperative complications of inguinal hernias in patients at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, period 2019-2021. Using an observational, descriptive and cross sectional design, having as research individuals patients treated surgically for inguinal hernias, where it was obtained as a result that the main risk factors found in a sample of 142 patients were age between 45 to 54 years old, male sex, the association of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, the use of the Bassini surgical technique, an operative time greater than 90 minutes, obesity, increased levels of leukocytes and glucose in blood tests. control laboratory and the absence of the mesh during the surgical procedure. Finally, with a prevalence of 35%, seroma was presented as the main complication associated with the risk factors, followed by infection of the surgical wound in 20%. In conclusion, patients who presented more than one of these risk factors had a high probability of suffering some postoperative complication due to the surgical intervention.
Inguinal hernias are one of the most common pathologies that require surgical intervention as treatment. The most frequent risk factors associated with complications are those related to age, sex, surgical technique used, comorbidities related to an increase in complications. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors in postoperative complications of inguinal hernias in patients at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, period 2019-2021. Using an observational, descriptive and cross sectional design, having as research individuals patients treated surgically for inguinal hernias, where it was obtained as a result that the main risk factors found in a sample of 142 patients were age between 45 to 54 years old, male sex, the association of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, the use of the Bassini surgical technique, an operative time greater than 90 minutes, obesity, increased levels of leukocytes and glucose in blood tests. control laboratory and the absence of the mesh during the surgical procedure. Finally, with a prevalence of 35%, seroma was presented as the main complication associated with the risk factors, followed by infection of the surgical wound in 20%. In conclusion, patients who presented more than one of these risk factors had a high probability of suffering some postoperative complication due to the surgical intervention.
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HERNIA INGUINAL, PATOLOGIAS, PROCEDIMIENTOS QUIRURGICOS OPERATORIOS, FACTORES DE RIESGO, COMPLICACIONES POSOPERATORIAS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES DR. TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR