Factores de riesgos modificables y no modificables asociados a estadía hospitalaria prolongada de adultos mayores con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La insuficiencia respiratoria aguada es una enfermedad que se presenta de
manera común como el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, existen
muchos factores de riesgos que se van dividir en modificables y no modificables
que pueden influir en la aparición, evolución, complicaciones y mortalidad de esta
enfermedad. Objetivo: Este estudio se llevó a cabo con el propósito de analizar
los factores de riesgos modificables y no modificables que presentaron los
pacientes adultos mayores con largos estadios hospitalarios. Material y
método metodología: El tipo de estudio es realizado bajo un enfoque
cuantitativo con diseño de tipo analítico, descriptivo de corte transversal; los
datos fueron obtenidos por la base de datos del Hospital Básico Sagrado
Corazón de Jesús del MSP. Resultados: Los pacientes con estadios
hospitalarios prolongados presentaron mayor causa por covid-19 con el 44%,
según los factores de riesgos no modificables según el sexo, las mujeres con un
total del 47% y el hombre con el 53%, según las comorbilidades el 66% no
presentaron antecedentes, mientras el 16% con antecedentes de hipertensión
arterial, el 11% presentaron diabetes mellitus tipo 2; según el peso el 44% de los
pacientes presentaron un índice de masa corporal mayor al 25%, mientras que
el 38% con un peso normal; dentro de los hábitos personales se determinó que
el 37% consumían tabaco moderadamente. Conclusiones: la etiología mas
frecuente fue producida por el covid-19, mientras que los factores de riesgos
según las comorbilidades como cardiovasculares se presentaron en pacientes
con más tiempo de estadía hospitalaria, de igual manera la mayoría de los
pacientes presentaron un IMC mayor al 25%, no hubo diferencia absoluta según
el sexo, el consumo del tabaco fue el hábito personal que más se encontró en
los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda.
Acute respiratory failure is a disease that commonly presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome, there are many risk factors that could be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable ones that can influence the appearance, evolution, complications and mortality of this disease. Objective: This study was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors presented by elderly patients with long hospital stays. Material and method methodology: The type of study is carried out under a quantitative approach with an analytical, descriptive crosssectional design; the data were obtained from the database of the Basic Hospital Sagrado Corazón de Jesús of the MSP. Results: Patients with prolonged hospital stages presented a greater cause of covid-19 with 44%, according to non-modifiable risk factors according to sex, women with a total of 47% and men with 53%, according to comorbidities. 66% had no history, while 16% had a history of arterial hypertension, 11% had type 2 diabetes mellitus; According to weight, 44% of the patients had a body mass index greater than 25%, while 38% had a normal weight; Within personal habits, it was determined that 37% used tobacco moderately. Conclusions: the most frequent etiology was produced by covid-19, while the risk factors according to comorbidities such as cardiovascular were presented in patients with longer hospital stays, in the same way the majority of patients presented a BMI greater than 25%, there was no absolute difference according to sex, tobacco consumption was the personal habit that was most found in patients with acute respiratory failure.
Acute respiratory failure is a disease that commonly presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome, there are many risk factors that could be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable ones that can influence the appearance, evolution, complications and mortality of this disease. Objective: This study was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors presented by elderly patients with long hospital stays. Material and method methodology: The type of study is carried out under a quantitative approach with an analytical, descriptive crosssectional design; the data were obtained from the database of the Basic Hospital Sagrado Corazón de Jesús of the MSP. Results: Patients with prolonged hospital stages presented a greater cause of covid-19 with 44%, according to non-modifiable risk factors according to sex, women with a total of 47% and men with 53%, according to comorbidities. 66% had no history, while 16% had a history of arterial hypertension, 11% had type 2 diabetes mellitus; According to weight, 44% of the patients had a body mass index greater than 25%, while 38% had a normal weight; Within personal habits, it was determined that 37% used tobacco moderately. Conclusions: the most frequent etiology was produced by covid-19, while the risk factors according to comorbidities such as cardiovascular were presented in patients with longer hospital stays, in the same way the majority of patients presented a BMI greater than 25%, there was no absolute difference according to sex, tobacco consumption was the personal habit that was most found in patients with acute respiratory failure.
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INSUFICIENCIA RESPIRATORIA AGUADA, ANCIANOS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIO DE CASOS, HOSPITAL BASICO SAGRADO CORAZON DE JESUS DEL MSP, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR